2019年广东省广州市中考英语试题（含答案）.pdf

2019 年年广广州州市市初初中中毕毕业业生生学学业业考考试试英英语语一一、语语法法选选择择阅阅读读下下面面短短文文,按按照照句句子子结结构构的的语语法法性性和和上上下下文文连连贯贯的的要要求求,从从 115 各各题题所所给给的的 A、B、C 和和 D项项中中选选出出最最佳佳选选项项。The first astronautsSince the earliest times,people have looked up at the stars,the moon and the planets.Today people usemodern machines _1_at the sky.This is very different from the situation_2_years ago when people couldonly use their eyes.Perhaps they dreamed of_3_the universe.When did humans first go into space?The story began not so very long ago,_4_the first astronauts werenot people-they were animals.Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as _5_ as possible for humans.So they decided toexperiment with animals and test_6_ in spaceflights.Insects,mice,frogs,dogs and monkeys were some of theanimals_7_first went into space.Many of them _8_,but they helped to make space travel safer forhumans.For their great service,we_9_forget these animals.Albert was the first monkey to go into space in 1949.Sadly he died _10_ his spaceship landed backon Earth._11_ the result was different for Ham the Monkey.His story ended happily when he return toearth_12_very good health.Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question:could _13_ animal like Ham do thesame things in space as he could do on Earth?The answer came when Ham _14_ into space in 1961.Yes,hedid everything well and lived for _15_ 16 years1.A.lookB.to lookC.lookingD.looked2.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousand ofD.thousands of3.A.exploreB.to exploreC.exploredD.exploring4.A.asB.orC.butD.so5.A.safeB.saferC.safestD.the safest6.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs7.A.whomB.whatC.thatD.whose8.A.dieB.diedC.have diedD.will die9.A.shouldntB.may notC.dont have toD.neednt10.A.ifB.becauseC.afterD.since11.A.LuckB.LuckyC.LuckierD.Luckily12.A.atB.onC.inD.for13.A.aB.anC.theD./14.A.sendB.sentC.is sentD.was sent15.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.the others【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A5.A6.B7.C8.B9.A10.C11.D12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】人类对太空的研究始于几千年前，那时科学还很落后，人们只能用肉眼观察天空。现在人类有了现代化的技术，他们对太空有了更多的了解。那么人类第一次进入太空是什么时候呢？其实在人类进入太空之前，科学家们先用很多动物进行了实验，保证人类太空旅行的安全。【1 题详解】句意：现在人们使用现代的机器来看天空。look 看，动词原形；to look 动词不定式；looking 动名词形式；looked 是过去式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知，空后表示 use modern machines 的目的，“为了看天空”，故应用动词不定式，选 B。【2 题详解】句意：这与几千年前的情况不同，那时人们只能用眼观察天空。thousand 千，数量单位；thousands 复数形式；thousand of 形式错误；thousands of 成千上万的，固定短语。根据句意和空后的 years 可知，这个空修饰后面的名词，故应选 D。【3 题详解】句意：也许他们梦想着探索宇宙。explore探索，动词原形；to explore 动词不定式；explored 过去式或过去分词；exploring 动名词。句中使用了短语 dream of，意为“梦想”，后跟名词或者动名词形式。故应选 D。【4 题详解】句意：这个故事发生在不久前，因为第一批宇航员不是人它们是动物。as 因为；作为；当时候；or或者；否则；but 但是；so 因此，所以。根据句意可知，空后这句话解释前面 The story began not very long ago，故用 as 引导原因状语从句，选 A。【5 题详解】句意：科学家们想要使人们的太空旅行尽可能地安全。safe 安全的，形容词；safer 更安全的，形容词比较级；safest 最安全的，形容词最高级；the safest 最高级。句中使用了短语 asas possible，“尽可能”，两个 as 之间用形容词的原级，故选 A。【6 题详解】句意：所以他们决定用动物做实验，并在太空飞行中对它们进行测试。they 他们，它们，人称代词主格形式；them 他们，它们，人称代词宾格形式；their 他们的，它们的形容词性物主代词；theirs 名词性物主代词。根据句子结构可知，空前 test 是动词，该空是它的宾语，故应用宾格形式，选 B。【7 题详解】句意：昆虫、老鼠、青蛙、狗和猴子是最早进入太空的一些动物。whom关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语；what 什么；不能引导定语从句；that 关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人，也可以为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose的，引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，空后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 some of the animals，且从句中缺少主语，故应选 C。【8 题详解】句意：很多动物都死了，但是它们帮助使太空旅行对人类更安全。die 死，动词原形；died 过去式；have died现在完成时；will die 一般将来时。根据文意可知，从第二段开始，作者讲述了科学家们过去对太空的探索，以一般过去时态来叙述，故这里应用过去式，选 B。【9 题详解】句意：因为它们的伟大贡献，我们不应该忘记这些动物。shouldnt 不应该；may not 可能不；dont have to不必，没有必要；neednt 不需要。根据句意 For their great service 可知，这里应表示“不应该忘记”，故选A。【10 题详解】句意：不幸的是，在他的宇宙飞船返回地球后，他死了。if 如果，是否；because 因为；after 在之后；since自从。根据句意可知，这里应表示“在回到地球之后”，用 after 引导时间状语从句，故选 C。【11 题详解】句意：幸运的是，对于猴子 Ham 来说，结果是不同的。Luck 运气，名词；Lucky 幸运的，形容词；Luckier更幸运的，形容词比较级；Luckily 幸运地，副词。根据句意和句子结构可知，该空修饰的是整个句子的内容，应用副词形式，故选 D。【12 题详解】句意：当他健康地返回地球时，他的故事在愉快中结束了。at 在具体时刻或小地点；on 在上面，关于；in 在里面；for 为了，因为。这里考查固定短语 inhealth 处在样的健康状况，表示状态，故应选 C。【13 题详解】句意：科学家们想知道一个重要问题的答案：像 Ham 这样的动物在太空中能做和在地球上一样的事情吗？a 和 an是不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指一直；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前；the 是定冠词，修饰名词表示特指。根据句意可知，这里表示“像一样的一个”，表示泛指，空后 animal 的读音中，第一个音素是/，元音音素，故应选 B。【14 题详解】句意：当 Ham 在 1961 年被送入太空时这个问题有了答案。send 送，寄；sent 是过去式；is sent 一般现在时的被动语态；was sent 一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语 Ham 与动词构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，故先排除 A 和 B；再根据句中的时间 in 1961 可知，时间是过去的，应用一般过去时，故应选 D。【15 题详解】句意：答案是肯定的，他每件事都做得很好，而且在那里又活了 16 年。another 再，又；另一个；other 其他的，形容词，修饰名词；others 其他人或物，代词；the others 其余全部人或物。根据句意和空后的 16 years可知，这里表示“又活了 16 年”，故应选 A。二、完完形形填填空空John suddenly jumped off the swing without even slowing down.He called out nervously,“Mom,wheresCharlie?He had just _16_he hadnt seen his new puppy for over an hour.John looked around the garden,behind the bushes,and under the picnic table.No dog!His mother heard_17_in his voice as he called her a second time.Mom,I cant find Charlie!She came outside _18_.Lets look around the garden first.Dont worry.Im sure hes close by.Both son and mother were _19_now,but still no Charlie.Their calls were not completely wasted,though.Joe,the next-door neighbor,and his two daughters Tania and Julie,immediately agreed to help them _20_thelost dog.But even with five people now searching the towns streets,they had no luck.Charlie was still_21_Tania suggested they make posters with Charlies _22_She had done this when her own cat was lost ayear earlier,she told John,and the cat was found the next day.John agreed.When they got home,he made a poster with a photo of Charlie,Then John heard a_23_ andopened his bedroom door.It was Charlie.John was greeted with a big wet kiss Charlie had been_24_ in thebedroom this whole time,sleeping.John had never been so _25_in his life!16.A.decidedB.forgottenC.understoodD.realized17.A.angerB.hopeC.fearD.warning18.A.activelyB.quicklyC.carelesslyD.annoyingly19.A.shoutingB.talkingC.fightingD.thinking20.A.give upB.look forC.run afterD.take care of21.A.missingB.asleepC.takeD.quiet22.A.addressB.characterC.nameD.picture23.A.messB.noiseC.voiceD.song24.A.shutB.wokeC.tiedD.saved25.A.afraidB.sillyC.happyD.proud【答案】16.D17.C18.B19.A20.B21.A22.D23.B24.A25.C【解析】【分析】John 新养了一只小狗叫 Charlie，这一天 Charlie 突然不见了，John 和妈妈怎么喊它都没有回应。他们的呼喊引来了他们的邻居 Joe 和他的两个女儿，他们帮助 John 一起找，但是还是没有找到。他们决定张贴海报寻找 Charlie，就在 John 去房间拿 Charlie 的照片时，他在卧室里找到了 Charlie，John 真的很开心。【16 题详解】句意：他刚刚意识到他有一个多小时没有见到他新养的小狗了。考查动词辨析。decided 决定；forgotten 忘记；understood 理解；realized 意识到。根据句意 he hadnt seen his new puppy for over an hour 可知，“他没有看到小狗”这件事是 John 突然意识到的，故应选 D。【17 题详解】句意：当他第二次叫她的时候，他的妈妈从他的声音中听到了恐惧。考查名词辨析。anger 生气；hope 希望；fear 恐惧，害怕；warning 警告。根据文意 Mom,I cant find Charlie!可知，John 找不到他的小狗了，因此他心里应该感到害怕，故选 C。【18 题详解】句意：她马上出来了。考查副词辨析。actively 积极地；quickly 快速地；carelessly 粗心地；annoyingly 令人恼火地，烦人地。根据上文 No dog!His mother heard _2_in his voice as he called her a second time.Mom,I cant find Charlie!可知，妈妈听到了 John 的声音里带着恐惧，他害怕小狗找不到了，所以妈妈应该“赶紧”出来，故应选 A。【19 题详解】句意：儿子和母亲两个人现在都在大喊，但是还是找不到 Charlie。考查动词辨析。shouting 大喊；talking谈话；fighting 打架；thinking 思考，认为。根据文意可知，John 的小狗找不到了，所以他们应该大声呼喊，让小狗听见。下句话下文 Their calls were not completely wasted,though.也提到了 Their calls“他们的呼喊”，故应选 A。【20 题详解】句意：不过他们的叫喊并没有完全被浪费，隔壁邻居 Joe 和他的两个女儿 Tania 和 Julie 马上来帮助他们寻找丢失的小狗。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；look for 寻找；run after 追逐；take care of 照顾。根据下文 But even with five people now searching the towns streets 可知，John 的妈妈以及邻居 Joe 和他的两个女儿都来帮助 John 找小狗。故应选 B。【21 题详解】句意：Charlie 仍然不知所踪。考查形容词辨析。missing 失踪的，不见的；asleep 睡着的；take 拿走；quiet安静的。根据上文 But even with five people now searching the towns streets,they had no luck 可知，五个人去大街上找小狗，但是他们没有好运气，即他们没有找到小狗。这里应表示 Charlie 仍然是失踪的，故应选 A。【22 题详解】句意：Tania 建议他们用 Charlie 的照片制作海报。考查名词辨析。address 地址；character 性格，特点；name名字；picture 照片。根据下文 John agreed.When they got home,he made a poster with a photo of Charlie 可知，他们想用 Charlie 的照片做海报。故应选 D。【23 题详解】句意：然后 John 听到了一个声音，他打开了他的卧室门。考查名词辨析。mess 混乱，乱七八糟；noise 噪音，响声；voice 声音，指人的声音；song 歌声。根据空前 John heard可知 A 不对，D 不符合情景。根据下文 It was Charlie 可知，声音是 John 的小狗 Charlie 制造出来的，故 C 不对，应选 B。【24 题详解】句意：Charlie 在这个时间里一直被关在卧室里睡觉。考查动词辨析。shut 关闭；woke 醒；tied系，捆，扎；saved 拯救。根据上文 When they got home,he made a poster with a photo of Charlie,Then John hearda_8_ and opened his bedroom door.It was Charlie.和句意 Charlie had been_9_ in the bedroom thiswhole time,sleeping 可知，Charlie 被关在了卧室里面，故应选 A。【25 题详解】句意：John 的生活中没有来这么开心过。考查形容词辨析。afraid 害怕的；silly 傻的，愚蠢的；happy 开心的；proud 骄傲的。根据文意可知，John 最后找到了他的小狗，因此他应该是感到很开心的。故应选 C。【点睛】这篇短文给我们讲述了 John 如何找到他的小狗的，文章是一篇记叙文，叙事清晰，脉络清楚，短文按照事情发展的顺序记叙，内容也贴近学生们的日常生活，因此比较容易理解。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据上下文语境做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。例如第 3 小题，考查副词辨析。actively 积极地；quickly 快速地；carelessly 粗心地；annoyingly 令人恼火地，烦人地。根据上文 No dog!His mother heard _2_in his voice ashe called her a second time.Mom,I cant find Charlie!可知，妈妈听到了 John 的声音里带着恐惧，他害怕小狗找不到了，所以妈妈应该“赶紧”出来，故应选 A。再如第 7 小题，考查名词辨析。address 地址；character性格，特点；name 名字；picture 照片。根据下文 John agreed.When they got home,he made a poster with a photoof Charlie 可知，他们想用 Charlie 的照片做海报。故应选 D。三、阅阅读读第第一一节节 阅阅读读理理解解AAn elephant and a crocodile were once standing beside river.They were disputing which was the betteranimal.“Look at my strength,”said the elephant.“I can pull up a tree,roots and all with my trunk”“Ah!But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine,”replied the crocodile.“No knife or tooth can cut throughit.”Just as they were coming to blows,a lion happened to pass.“My dear friends!”said the King of all animals,going up to them.“Let me know the cause of yourdisagreement.”“Will you kindly tell us which is the better animal?”cried both at once.“Certainly”,said the lion,pointing across the river.“Do you see the soldiersmetal hat on that wall?”“Yes!”replied the beasts.“Well,then,”continued the lion,“go and get it,and bring it to me,and I shall be able then to decide betweenyou.”Upon hearing this,off they started.The crocodile,being used to the water,reached the opposite side of theriver first,and was soon standing beside the wall.Here he waited till the elephant came up.The elephant,seeing that the crocodile had no way of reaching theirgoal,raised his long trunk,and took down the hat quite easily.They then made their way together back again across the river.The elephant was trying to keep up with thefast-moving crocodile in the water and became careless.When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating treebranch,the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom.The crocodile noticed the accident,so down hedived,and brought it up in his huge mouth.They then returned,and the crocodile laid the metal hat at the lions feet.The King took it up,and turning to the elephant,said:“You,because of your size and trunk,were able to reach the hat on the wall but,having lost it,you wereunable to get it back.And you,”said the lion to the crocodile,“although unable to reach the hat,were able to divefor it and save it.You are both wise and able in your own ways.One is no better than the other.”26.The underlined word disputing in Paragraph 1 means_.A.playingB.quarrellingC.complainingD.deciding27.What did the crocodile think was the best about himself?A.His big mouthB.His strong skinC.His swimming skillD.His dangerous teeth28.How did the lion deal with the animalsdisagreement?A.He ordered them to fight.B.He made a quick decision.C.He suggested a competitionD.He asked them to describe themselves29.What caused the elephant to drop the hat?A.The hat got wet in the river.B.He hit a floating treeC.He was trying to swim too fastD.He wanted to fight the crocodile30.How were the elephant and the crocodile able to complete their task?A.By working togetherB.planning carefullyC.By sharing their ideasD.By listening to the lion【答案】26.B27.B28.C29.C30.A【解析】一头大象和一只鳄鱼在争论谁更厉害，他们互不相让。一头狮子经过，他们想让狮子来决定。于是狮子给他们布置了一个任务，让他们去完成。结果他们都不能单独完成这个任务，他们各自有自己的智慧和能力，不存在谁比谁更好的问题。【26 题详解】词义猜测题。根据文意和这个单词所在的句子 which was the better animal.“哪一个是更好的动物”，因此disputing 应该是“争论”的意思。playing 玩；quarrelling 争吵，争论；complaining 抱怨；deciding 决定。故应选 B。【27 题详解】细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Ah!But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine,”replied the crocodile.“No knifeor tooth can cut through it.”可知，鳄鱼说他的皮肤比大象的更厚，刀和牙齿都刺不穿。由此可知应选 B。【28 题详解】细节理解题。根据短文第七段“Certainly”,said the lion,pointing across the river.“Do you see the soldiers metalhat on that wall?”和第九段“Well,then,”continued the lion,“go and get it,and bring it to me,and I shall be ablethen to decide between you.”可知，狮子让他们去把墙上的帽子拿来，然后决定谁是更好的动物。即狮子让他们展开一场比赛，由此可知应选 C。【29 题详解】细节理解题。根据短文第十二段中 The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the waterand became careless.When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree branch,the elephant dropped thehat and it fell to the river bottom 可知，大象努力追赶在水里游得很快的鳄鱼，于是变得粗心了，当他被迫急转身躲避一个漂浮的树干时，他把帽子掉了。由此可知应选 C。【30 题详解】推理判断题。根据短文最后两段的内容可知，大象个头大，有长鼻子，能够得着墙上的帽子，但弄丢了帽子；鳄鱼够不着帽子，但帽子掉到水里时，他能找回来。因此他们是合作完成这个任务的。故应选 A。BThey say that“travel is the best teacher”and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynastytravel writer and geographer Xu Xiake(1587-1641).His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake,not only encourageda love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the countrys landand geography.Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family,Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age andwanted to travel.When he was 18,however,Xus father died and so,it seemed impossible for his travelling dreams.He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.But his mother had different ideas.Understanding her sons love of travel and valuing the knowledge he couldget from such experiences,this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home.She agreed that Xu couldtravel for three months every year,when there was less farm work.So at the age of twenty and with his mothers support,Xu set off for the first time,leaving behind not only hismother but his new wife as well.He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years.During thistime,he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom,carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording hisexperiences and many discoveries in a diary.This diary,which once had over 500,000 words,would eventuallybecome The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.Although rich,Xu avoided comfortable travel,preferring to go almost everywhere on foot.This way he couldresearch the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world.Many of his trips were tohard-to-reach mountain areas,and through wild forests where few people lived.His willingness to face hardshipscame at a cost,however.Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick,robbed and beaten during hisjourneysSadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey,a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China.He died in 1641,soon after returning to his hometown for the last time.When his diary was finally printed yearsafter his death,much of it had been destroyed or lost.Although incomplete,it still made Xu a travelling legendaround the world.31.What is the passage mainly about_.A.The general details of Xu Xiakes life storyB.The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travelsC.The important discoveries made by Xu XiakeD.The influence of Xus book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake32.Which of the following best describes Xus mother?A.Strict but interestingB