Unit2 Language Points.doc

Passages for Reciting

1. Fall in Love with English 爱上英语
Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up to over 60.
His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffering from, but entirely disagreed with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.
The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.
有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电， 他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。
他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。
这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。
2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes 不同的国家有不同的英语
Voyages of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All based on British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes have been gradually changing in accents, spellings, expressions and the usage of vocabulary.
Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands his driver, “Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs”, instead of requesting, “Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis”, you can recognize his American identity, while the latter suggests that he is British.
英国人的航海在英语的传播中扮演了重要的角色。目前，英语在许多国家被作为官方语言或通用语言频繁地使用，例如美国、新加波、马来西亚和一些非洲的国家。这些国家的英语都以英式英语为基础，能很好地为以英语为本族语的人所理解。但是实际上，这些英语在口音、拼写、表达和词汇的使用方面都在逐渐变化。
因为这一情况的存在，你就可以利用这些英语之间的区别说出你们街区的外国人是哪个国家来的了。例如，如果有个老板流利地命令他的司机：“Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs（直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车的汽油）”，而不是要求说，“Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis（请直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车的汽油）”，你就可以轻易地辨认出他的美国人身份，而后者却暗示着那是一位英国人。（请注意：听力录音里第二段两个“电梯”的单词跟原文不一致，原文是对的，录音弄错了，elevator才是美式说法而lift是英式说法。)

Lesson1《Modern Heroes》
　　　根据课文内容翻译以下短语：
1.第一架载人宇宙飞船_______（the first manned spaceship ）
2.发射，升空__________（lift off）
3.和……分离_______ （separate…from）
4.因为________ （because of ）
5.21小时的太空飞行______（the 21-hour space flight）
6.第六次________ （for the sixth time ）
7.做第七次环行________ （do the seventh circle）
8.回到地球大气层_____ （return into the earth's atmosphere）
9.安全着陆______ （ land safely ）
10.朝等待他的人群招手______ （wave to the crowds waiting for him）
知识探究
一.重点单词
　　1．separate vt．使分开，使脱离，使分裂，使隔离
Theory shouldn't be separated from practice.
　　 理论不应该脱离实际。
　　 England is separated from France by the English Channel.
　　 英国和法国被英吉利海峡隔开。
　　 vi.分开，分手，分离，脱离
　　 We didn't separate till 8 o'clock.
　　 我们到8点才分手。
adj．分开的，分离的，个别的，独立的
　　 This is a separated group.
这是一个独立的团体。
We will go on separate holidays.
我们将分别去度假。
拓展：
(1)separate A from B 把A 和B 分离/分开
(2) A and B be separated by C A和B被C分开
separate和divide比较
divide是将一个整体分成若干部分；separate是把相互连接，相互混杂或相互靠近的事物分离开。
　　Let's divide you into three groups.
　　让我们你们分成三组。
　　Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
　　请把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
运用：选择填空
(1) As we joined the crowed, I got ____from my parents.
A.spared B.lost C.separated D.missed
答案： C get/be separated from　意为“被分开”。
(2)Taiwan, _____ from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait, is not a ___ country but part of China.
A. separated; separate B. separate; separated
C. separated; separated D. separate; separate
答案： A　get/be separated from　意为“被分开”。它作定语或状语用过去分词。后separate是形容词
2．complete v.
　(1)完成
　 He completed his homework last night.
　他在昨天晚上把家庭作业完成了。
　(2)使完备，使完整
　　One more volume will complete my set of Lu Xun.
　　我只差一本书就可以有全套鲁迅作品。
　　拓展： complete adj．
　 (1)完全的，全部的，完整的
　　Is this a complete novel?
　　这是一个完整的小说吗?
　　Give me a complete set of Dickens' novels.
　　给我一套狄更斯全集。
　　　(2)（作表语）完成的，结束的
　　When will the work be complete?
　　这项工作什么时候完成?
　 (3)（作定语）彻底的，完完全全的
　　That result was a complete surprise to me.
　　那个结果对我来说是完全意外
complete和finish比较
　　 complete比较正式，强调“结构或布局的完整性”，常常指工程或事业方面。
finish 普通用语，强调“过程或步骤的完整性”，常常指工作或事务方面。
　　 finish后可接动名词作“结束”解，而complete则不能。
　　 finish往往指消极性的“完成”，complete则指积极性的“完成”。
运用：选择填空
(1)I need one more novel before my collection of Dicken's novels_____.
A.is completed B.has completed C.completes D.had completed
答案： A　考查“主将从现”和被动语态。
(2)When ____, the place will be open to the public next year.
A. to be completed B. being completed C. completed D. complete
答案： C　完整的句子是 When it is completed,考查“主将从现”和状语从句的省略。
状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且含有　be 动词，可以将从句的主语和　be　动词省略，自然构成分词作状语。
3．wave vi．挥手）示意，致意；波动，飘动；(头发等)呈波形;卷曲
She waved at him. 她对他挥手。
Her hair waves naturally. 她的头发自然鬈曲。
　　I waved to him from the window.
　　我在窗口向他挥手致意。
　　The weeping willow is waving in the breeze.
　　垂柳在微风中摇曳。
拓展：wave n.　　
1)波，波浪 2)(手之)挥动,挥手示意 3)浪潮;(情绪的)高涨;(活动等的)高潮[(+of)] 如：
He gave me a wave.他对我挥手。
　　A wave of anger swept over him. 他心头涌起一股怒潮。
wave sb goodbye =wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手道别
运用：翻译句子
　（1）她从窗户向我们挥手告别。
　答案：She waved us goodbye from the window.
（2）旗帜在风中飘扬。
答案：The flags were waving in the wind.
（3） 她的头发自然鬈曲。
答案：Her hair waves naturally.
4. successful adj. 成功的 He is very successful.他非常成功。
拓展：success n. 成功; succeed v.成功; fail v.失败; failure n.失败; succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事; fail to do sth.未能做成某事
success 与 failure 是不可数名词，但表示“成功的人/事”，“失败的人/事”时是可数名词。
运用：完成下列句子
（1）He succeeded________(finish)the task on time.
答案： in finishing
(2)She is ________ (success) as a teacher.
答案: a success
　　 (3) He ______ (fail) pass the exam.
答案：failed to
5. explore vt. 探测;探勘;在...探险
They explored this desert region in 1923.
他们于一九二三年在这荒漠地区探险。
拓展：explore vt. 探究,探索
The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
大会探讨了在贸易上进一步加强联系的可能性。
vi.探索;考察;探勘;探险
exploration n. (+of) 勘查; 探测; 探索; 探究; 调查; 研究
His father is working on the exploration of cancer.
他的父亲在从事癌症的研究。
运用：翻译
（1）他们那时已经开始了对新世界的探索。
答案： They have begun the exploration of the New Word.
（2)对各种可能性的探索促进了社会的发展。
答案：A full exploration of all the possibilities led to the social development.
6. afterwards adv.以后,后来，然后
He came back afterwards. 她然后就回来了。
拓展：
afterward ,afterwards与then的区别
英国人只用afterwards,美国人...afterwards和afterward通用。
then 有个固定搭配and then“Then”也可用于介词之后，例：
From then on he refused to talk about it.
从那以后他就不再谈这件事了。
afterwards 一般用于句尾，
运用：翻译下列句子
（1)让我们以后再谈。
答案：Let’s talk afterwards
（2)咱们先去看戏，然后再吃吧。
答案：Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterwards.
二.重点词组
　　1．because of prep．因为，由于
He missed the first bus because of getting up late in the morning.
因为早晨他起来迟了，所以他没有赶上第一班车。
拓展：because of 是介词短语，后跟名词，代词，动名词或 what引导的宾语从句， 在句中作表语或状语。
I've chosen them because of their colors.
因为它们的颜色我选择了它们。
He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
他因为粗心没有通过考试。
because 是连词，引导从句。试比较：
He cried because of the bad news that his father died last night.
他哭了，那是因为那个他父亲昨晚去世的坏消息。
I've chosen them because they are beautiful.
　　因为它们美丽我选择了它们。
表示“因为”含义的短语还有 thanks to ,due to, owing to ,as a result of ,
for the sake of,on account of 等。其中due to 表原因时，不置于句首。
运用：选择填空
(1)Li Hua came very late not ______the train but____ she was too tired.
A. because of; because B. because; because of
C. for; for D. because; for
答案：A because of 是介词短语，后跟名词，代词，动名词或 what引导的宾语从句 。
而 because 是连词，引导从句 。
(2) It was _____her advice that we finish the task on time.
A. because of B. thank to C. because D. on account for
答案： A 参照单词6解释。D 是on account of 不是on account for。
2.China's first manned spaceship lifted off…
中国第一艘载人宇宙飞船升空了……
　lift off： (指火箭或飞行器）发射，升空，起飞；揭开
They are watching spaceship lift off quietly.
他们在静静地看着飞船升入太空。
拓展：
launch 也是“发射”的意思，但是及物动词。 含有lift的常见短语还有：
(1) lift up 举起，提起；使振奋，使受到鼓舞
(2) lift up one's voice 提高嗓音
(3) give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
(4) lift down 拿下来
(5)lift from 从...升起
运用：选择填空
(1)When I turned on TV, I happened to see the rocket ______.
A. launching B. lifting off C. sending up D. putting up
答案：B 根据句意，宾补应该是不及物动词 且动作正在进行。
(2) Can you give _____? My car is broken.
A. me a lift B. me lift C. lift D. my lift
答案：A give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
3.work out （计）算出；理解；事情的进展情况；锻炼； 制定 。如：
I couldn't work out what he said.
我不理解他讲的。
I can't work out the problem.
我解决不了这个问题。
You are fat, so you must work out regularly.
你太胖了，应该定期锻炼。
拓展：
与work 连用的常见动词短语还有
(1)work at从事于（跟学科名词）
(2)work on 奏效；从事于
(3) work for为...而工作
(4)in work 有工作
(5) out of work 失业
(6) at work在工作
运用 ：翻译下列句子
（1）他有工作。
答案 ：He is in work./He has a job.
（2） 他们失业已经有三年了 。
答案： They have been out of work for two years.
（3）她在工作。
答案：She is at work.
（4）事情的结果对我们很不错。
答案 ：The things worked out quite well for us .
（5）他正在写一本新的小说。
答案：He is working on a new novel.
4.let out 释放，；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密）；（把衣服等）加宽
The air in the tire was let out by the naughty boy.
轮胎的气被那个淘气的男孩给放了。
Mom let my shirt out.
我母亲把我的衬衣加宽了。
Don't let out the secret.
不要泄露了这个秘密。
拓展：
与let 连用的常见动词短语还有：
(1)let alone 更不用说；不管
(2)let go 放开，释放
(3) let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
(4) let sb. down 使某人失望
(5)let through 让通过，放过
(6) let the cat out of the bag.漏底，泄露天机
运用：选择填空
He ____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out b. took care C. made sure D. made out
（2005年湖南省高考题）
答案： A let out 为“ 泄露”的意思
5.at ．．． speed 与 with ．．.speed
拓展：
at the speed of或者at ．．． speed，意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning,
great等修饰时，介词应用with。 可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都（all）以闪电般（lightning）大（great）的速度。
运用：翻译
（1）我们的车在公路上飞快行驶。
答案： Our car was running with great speed on the road.
（2）The Long March No．2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11．2
kilometers per second．
答案： 长征二号火箭以每秒钟11．2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。
三.重要句型
1．The spaceship，called Shengzhou Ⅴ，was carrying…Yang Liwei…
called…过去分词作非限制性定语
拓展：
过去分词和现在分词短语都可作定语。区别是如果分词短语与前面的逻辑主语是主谓关系用现在分词短语，是动宾关系的用过去分词短语。如：
　　The man, talking with my father there, is a football player.
那的男的是足球运动员，他正在和我父亲在那里讲话。
　　This project，completed in July，brought water to the dry areas.
　　这项工程于七月份完工，它给干旱地区带来了水。
运用：翻译下列句子
(1)那本小说非常好，是李雷买的。
答案：The novel, bought by Li Lei, is very good.
(2)那个人是我们的老师，他站在树前。
答案： The man, standing in front of the tree, is our teacher.
2. As Yang Liwei returned into..., ready to collect him.
ready to collect him为形容词短语作状语。
拓展：
形容词或形容词短语作状语，主要是表示主语的性质，状态或特征。如：
He came back, cold and hungry.
他回来了，又冷又饿。
She cried, full of happiness.
她哭了，充满了幸福。
运用：翻译下列句子
(1)他躺在那里，一点不能动。
答案： He lay there, unable to move.
(2)那孩子站在那里，充满了恐惧。
答案：The boy stood there, full of fear.
3. Pat was in the bathroom...when she heard a crash.
when=at that time suddenly 这时，在那时，表示动作的突然性。如：
I was doing my homework when there was a knock on the door.
我正在做作业这是有人敲门。
拓展：在下列结构中也是此意：
was/were doing sthwhen....正在做某事这时...
had done sth....when.... 刚刚做完某事这时...
was/were about to do sth....when.....= was/were on the point of doing sth.
正要做某事这时...
运用：选择填空
(1)Kate was holidaying with her friends in the open air_____ she was bitten on the leg by a snake.
A. when B.while C. since D until
答案： A while后要跟延续性动词而bite不是。 when 为“这时”。
(2) I was about to leave ______the telephone rang.
A. when B. while C. since D. as
答案： A was/were about to do sth....when..... 正要做某事这时...
4.too...to...太... 而不能...
The question is too difficult to answer.
这个问题太难了以至于我回答不了。
The box is too heavy for him to carry.
那个箱子对他来说太重了，他搬不动。
拓展：
too后接形容词或副词 , to 后接动词
此句型有时可以与enough to do 互换使用。如上一句可改为：
The question is difficult enough to answer .
too…to…结构在以下几种情况下表示肯定：
(1) 当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词，如：glad, pleased, surprised, happy, eager, anxious, thankful 等时too此时相当于very 或very much。
He was too anxious to leave then.他那时非常急于离开。
(2) 如果在 too 前面加上 only, but. all, simply时，这个结构表示肯定。too带有赞赏的感情色彩。如：
She will be only too pleased to help you.她极高兴帮你。
(3) too … to与 never, not 连用时也表示肯定。如：
It’s never too late to learn.学习永不为迟。
运用： 句型转换
He is too young to join the army.
he isn't______ ______ to join the army.
答案： old; enough
翻译下列句子
（1）她非常吃惊地看到安如此生气。
答案：She was too surprised to see how angry Ann was.
（2）英语并非难学。
答案：English is not too difficult to learn.
Lesson2《History Makers》
一，翻译以下短语：
1.以某人的观点_____（in one's opinion
2.为妇女权利而斗争______fight for the women's rights）
3.获得医学学位_______（receive a medical degree ）
4.开办一所医院_______（open a hospital）
5. 在某方面有经验_________（be experienced in ）
6.保护... 免遭..._______（ protect...from...）
7. 对...满意_______（be content with ）
8. 就...达成协议_______（agree on sth.）
9. 某人花时间/钱做某事_______（ sb spend time/money in doing sth）
10.常试做某事________（try doing sth.）
二，用所给的首字母填词
1. His father is an a______.which many young students desire in the sky.
答案： astronaut
2. Their houses were destroyed completely by floods last month, so they became h____.
答案：homeless
3. His uncle loved him very much, but u_____ he died last night.
答案：unfortunately
4. P______, TV is a very useful invention.
答案：Personally
5. They are s_____ for their rights.
答案：struggling
知识探究
一.重点单词
1．revolution n．
1)革命 ;(思维等的)变革
The invention caused a revolution in learning.
这项发明导致了学习上的革命.
2) 革命运动
The American Revolution gave independence to the Colonies.
美国独立战争使十三个州得到了独立。
3)革命性剧变,大变革 (+in)
The automobile caused a revolution in our way of traveling.
汽车使旅行的方式发生了根本性的变化。
拓展:
revolutionary adj／n．革命的; 重大变革的;革命者
revolutionize v. 使完全变革
运用：选择填空
Genetic engineering will have _____con