中考英语完形填空解题技巧.docx

中考英语完形填空解题技巧讲解一、考情考项分析“完形填空”旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力。其中涵盖词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法，又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 近几年中考的完形填空仍是选择题型。体裁上有记叙文、议论文、说明文。题材上以思想、 文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。设空主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有代词、连词、介词短语。二、完形填空要求填入的词归类1. 语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副 词等。2. 具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形 容词和副词的等级等。3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5. 根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。三、“完形填空”题解题策略1. 浏览快速浏览,了解大意 (跳过空格，不要看选项）（约两分钟）。快速阅读一下全文，领会大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2. 试填瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破（约八分钟）。先易后难，逐层深入。在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、 动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。（注意不会的题要做标记）。3. 攻难再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。（约两分钟）4. 检查复读全文，确保语意连贯，用词准确（约两分钟）。试填后，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否 合理。第 6 页 共 6 页四、完形填空解题技巧技巧 1、 充分利用文章中有提示作用的词。这是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。 这些词可以是原词复现、同义词、近义词或反义词, 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。试看以下例题：原词复现：例 1 One day, he was walking in his garden when he saw a strange 16with beautiful features(特征) and sweet voice in a tree. Chulong 17went near the tree and caught the bird,A. catB. birdC. pandaD. monkey反义词： 例 2 Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the51one.Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrong近义词 例 3I remember as a child I said somethingabout somebody and my father said“Anytime you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.”A. unkindB. unnecessaryC. unimportantD. unusual转折词例 4My main responsibilities were clearing tables,sometimes I helped cook.A. orB. soC. butD. even解析：答案 B.本题中前面说我的主要职责是., 后面应该填写和 main 有转折意思的词， 但是有时候也做饭。Keys: 例 1：B例 2：:B例 3：A例 4：:C技巧 2、词语之间的习惯搭配，或固定搭配。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法和固定短语并记忆。例 1They couldnt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never baths.A. tookB. washedC. ranD. covered解析：答案 A.本题考查的是固定搭配 take a bath，意为“洗澡”。例 2This seemed to frightened him, and hethe money and gave it to me.A. used upB. took outC. put downD. gave away解析：答案 B.本题考查的是固定搭配 take out，意为“拿出（钱）”。“”use up 意思是“用光”，“”put down 为“放下”，“”give away 意思为“分发、泄露、失去”。例 3 A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes werent asas a normal babys.AbigBbiggerCbiggestDthe biggest解析：考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“asadj./adv.as.”结构，表示“和一样”， 其中 adj.和 adv.都用原级。故 A 项正确。技巧 3、结合常识，明辨真伪。结合各类生活常识和科学常识，选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题，考生平时 要做生活中的有心人，留心各种社会现象，积累丰富的生活知识。例 1But we ran so much that，afterwards，we had trouble.A. speakingB. movingC. sleepingD. breathing解析：根据常识，跑步太快时，人们会呼吸很困难，所以答案是(D)。例 2 A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article the death of Alfred Nobel.A. introducingB. announcingC. implyingD. advertising.解析：由常识可知，报社应该是(透露；宣布)消息，故用 announce(give information about)， 所以答案为 B.技巧 4、根据词汇意义和用法，辨析词义。选项中四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。词义辨析法考查的面广，该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点；要做到准确选择，必须在一定的语境或句子中理解，这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查，如名词、介词、 代词、动词、形容词等。例 1A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while theywere having meetings. Do youwhat he means?A. thinkB. guessC. knowD. understand解析：C 本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。 例 2 In England, people dont like1very much. You can go on a bus, 2on atrain, and people just sit looking 3the windows. Often they read. They read books and newspapers. But they dont talk.1.A. laughingB. going outC. talkingD. playing2.A. orB. andC. eitherD. but3.A. fromB. throughC. atD. out ofKeys:1. C2.A3.D技巧 5、根据作者的观点、态度推断。推断类题在完形填空中是最常见的，考生首先要弄清楚主人公身份，所处环境等，进而 理解语境，体悟作者的观点、态度来确定选项。例 1Life is very,so dont rush to make decisions. Life doesnt let you plan.A. hardB. busyC. shortD. long解析：答案 D.本题中说不要着急做决定，体悟作者表达的意思是：生命很长，不要着急.。例 2 He told his dad that Kate was scratching (划损）the newly bought car with a nail. Mr Smith ran outside and became veryas soon as he saw it.A. happyB. angryC. braveD. relaxed解析：答案 B.本题中 Kate 划坏了车，所以故事的主人公应该很生气。例 3 There was only one way to make money, and that was toit. He would have to find a job.A. borrowB. earnC. raiseD. save例 4 On my first day at school，the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid and the way I talked. I was hurt deeply and I saw myself as a(n)kid.A. uglyB. smartC. handsome解析：由关键词“made fun of me”和“I was hurt deeply”可知，“我”把我自己看成一个“丑陋”的孩子。故 A 项正确。技巧 6、仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。例 1The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to education our sympathy.A. needsB. hadC.makeD. deserve解析：虽然本句子的成分较少，结构较清晰，但要注意的是后置定语部分很长，划分时 容易出错。The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to education主语后置定语 our sympathy.谓语宾语翻译：那些出生在偏远山村、由于没有上学的机会而绝望的孩子们值得我们同情。本句 缺少谓语，根据句意，应该填 deserve. 例 2 Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was a good student whose gradesand attendanceas he became addicted to playing video games.A. increasedB. raisedC. fellD. fallen解析：本句 evidence 作主语，provided by the school 作主语的后置定语，has proved 作谓语，后接 that 引导的宾语从句。从句中 John 是主语，was 是谓语，a good student 是表语， 而表语 student 后接由 whose 引导的定语从句。定语从句中 grades and attendance 作主语，fell作从句的谓语，后接由 as 引导的原因状语从句。Evidence provided by the school has provedthat John was a good student主语后置定语谓语宾语从句whose grades and attendanceas he became addicted to playing video games.定语从句（从句谓语）状语从句翻译：学校提供的证据证明约翰曾是一个好学生，但是当他沉迷于电子游戏之后， 他的成绩和出勤率就一落千丈了。技巧 7、做完后一定要检查全文，仔细推敲。填完空格后，把答案放回短文的空格处，将弥补完整的全文从头至尾读一遍，以 确保上下文的顺畅合理。有些答案局部看来很合理，有些觉得语感搭配很顺口，但是 注意从上下文的语言联系来看又充满了矛盾，这时候应该做到局部服从整体，对所选 的答案进行及时的修改。填完所有的空格以后，对于短文的含义和结构，已经有了比 较清晰的了解，这时候在校对的过程当中，对于一些难以作出最后抉择的这种空格往 往比较容易选出正确答案。