高中情态动词(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词(一）,modal verbs,Grammar,1,情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语,只作情态动词的,can/could,may/might,ought to，must,可情态可实义的,need,dare/dared,可情态可助动词的,shall/should,will/would,相当于情态动词的,have to,used to,2,情态动词,表示推测,不表示推测,can could,may might,shall should,must,will would,ought to,have to,dare (darent),need (neednt),used to,3,e.g.I dont like this TV set.We,must,buy a new one.,There was no more bus.They,had to,walk home.,1,.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,must,表示 “应该,”,4,2,.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”,e.g.,Must,Ifinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,.,You,mustnt,getoffwhilethecarisstill moving.,5,must,表推测,1.must 表示推测时，只能用于,肯定句。,e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。,There must be something wrong with the computer.,你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧,.,You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.,6,1,.,must+be doing/do,表示对,现在的动作,进行肯定推测,e.g.,他现在一定在看小说.,He must be reading novels now.,他们买了一辆新车,。,他们一定很有钱,.,They have bought a new car.They must,have a lot of money.,7,2,.,must+have done,表示对,过去发生的事情,作出的肯定判断,e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业,。,They are playing basketball,they,must have finished,their homework.,路是湿的,.,昨天晚上一定下雨了,.,The road is wet.It,must have rained,last night.,8,3,.,对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形,。,must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用,cant和can。,e.g.He must tell a lie.,Can he tell a lie?,He cant tell a lie.,*,must-should/ought to maymight/could+do,可能性依次减弱,9,(对过去情况推测：,must may,might+完成时,。),e.g.You must have met him before.,mustmaymight,可能性依次减弱,must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用cant/couldnt和can/could。,e.g.Could/Can it have happened last night?,It couldnt/cant have happened last night.,10,1.,must,用于肯定句中可表示“,偏偏,”。,Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter,must,go and do the opposite.,自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做,相反的事情.,must 的特殊用法,11,He must be reading,isnt,he?,You must do it yourself,dont,you?,He must have gone over the article,hasnt,he?,It must have rained last night,didnt,it?,2.,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,12,can,could 和be able to,表能力,e.g.She,can/be able to,sing the song in English.,This machine,can,make you feel comfortable.,1.can,be able to,都可,表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语,只能,是人,13,can,could 和be able to,表能力,e.g.,We,ll be able to,finish the work soon.,I,havent been able to,see the film.,2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,14,Although the soldier was badly wounded,he,was able to,tell what had happened.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,e.g.He,wasableto,escape fromEuropebefore,thewarbrokeout.,He,wasableto,swimbeforehegottired.,表示过去的能力,15,can/could,表示推测,1.can/could 表示推测时，,一般,用在,否定句或疑问句中,。用在肯定句中表示客观可能性,e.g.Its so late.Can Tom be reading?,Can it be Mr.Green?,这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。,It cant be Mary.She has fallen ill.,她不可能在说谎。,It can be hot in summer here.,16,2,.,cant/couldnt,have done,对,过去发生,行为的可能性进行推测:,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,The door was locked.,She couldnt have been at home.,17,3.could have done,“本可以，本来可能已经”用于,肯定句,中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断,（,虚拟,）,.,e.g.你本来可以考的更好。,You could have had a better mark.,18,1.,在疑问句中 could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。,e.g.,Can,you wait a moment please?,Excuse me,could,you tell me the way,to the station?,I wonder if you,could,help me.(,请求,),can 和 could 表示请求和许可,19,can not.too.;,can not.enough.,“再怎么也不为过”,e.g.You can not be too careful when crossing the road.,can 的特殊用法,20,may/might,表示推测,1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于,陈述句,，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。,e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。,They may come here tomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,They may be still waiting for us.,21,2.,might,可用于,指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小,。,e.g.他也许在做功课吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,我问他我是否可以离开。,I asked him if I might leave.,I asked him“May I leave now?”,22,3.,might/may have done,表示对,过去发生的动作,进行可能性推测。,e.g.他可能去医务室了。,He may have gone to the clinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,He might have read about the news in the newspaper.,23,1,）may 表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。,May,I open the door?,We,may,keep the book for two weeks.,2,）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。,May,you succeed!,May,you have a nice trip!,may 和might 的其他用法,24,3,）,might,have done,“本可以，本来可能已经”,用于,肯定句,中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断,（,虚拟,）,.,4may/might as well ,不妨,你不妨试试泰国菜吧。,You may as well try Thailand food instead.,25,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测,可能的推测,否定的推测,疑问的推测,must,对将来,对现在,对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.,+V,.,+have done,常见must be +be doing,+V.+V.+have done,+be doing,+V.+V.+have done,+be doing,+V.+V.+have done,+be doing,可以用not表示“可能不”,26,Will/Would,you,do?(表请求would 更委婉)表意志，愿望，决心,would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,“总是,总要”,used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）,“过去常常”,used to 可于状态动词连用would不可以,e.g.He used to be a quiet boy.(),He would be a quiet boy.(),will/would,27,shall,1.,shall,用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的,命令，警告，允诺或威胁,。,e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令),2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺),2.,shall,用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的,意见和向对方请示,。,e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）,5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示),28,3.,用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。,“The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,29,1,.,用于表达合理推断,e.g.It is three oclock,the football,game,should,begin now.,Mary took dancing lessons for,years,she,should,be an excellent dancer.,should,的用法,30,e.g.Young people,should,learn how to use computers.,Every citizen,ought to,obey law.,You,ought not to,go.,2,.,should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。,31,3,.,should可表示“居然，竟然”,。,e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.,32,e.g.You,should/ought to have told,her the truth earlier.,She,shouldnt have left,without saying a word.,4,.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到,(,虚拟,),”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更强烈.,33,should引导的be型虚拟,“,一个坚持两个命令三个建议四个要求,”,即,1.insist,2.order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose,4.demand,require,request,desire,34,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。,We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.,他坚决要求我到场。,He insisted that I(should)be present.,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,The king ordered that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.,他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,They requested that we(should)send them,to work there.,35,ought to 用法,1.表示推测,He ought to be home by now.,2.表示应该,Humans ought to stop polluting nature.,36,Need I do?Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,.,dare&need,37,考点突破,38,1.,could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。,1.I could have passed my exam easily,but I made too many stupid mistakes.,我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的错误。,2.You could have reported to me earlier.,你本该早点告诉我的。,39,2.,should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。,1.You should have told him a week ago.,你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。,2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room.,他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。,40,3.,might（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.You might not have told her.,你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）,2.You might have come earlier.,你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,41,4.,neednt+have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.,昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）,2.You neednt have bought it.,你本可不必买它的。（你买了）,42,43,1.I dont know where she is,she _ be in,Wuhan.,2.At this moment,our teacher _,our exam papers.,这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。,3.The road is wet.It _ last night.,(rain),4.Your mother _ for you.,你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,must be marking,must have rained,must have been looking,44,Practice 1:高考考题专练,1.I thought you _like something to read,so,I have brought you some books.,A.may B.might C.would D.must,2.Where is my pen?I _it.,A.might lose B.would have lost,C.should have lost D.must have lost,3.I didnt hear the phone.I _asleep,A.must be B.must have been,C.should be D.should have been,B,D,B,45,4.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.,-It _a comfortable journey,A.cant be B.shouldnt be,C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been,5.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _be here at,any moment.,A.must B.need C.should D.could,D,C,46,6,.-Did the train arrive in time?,-No.It _ two hours ago.,A.must have arrived B.ought to have arrived,C.must arrive D.ought to arrive,7,.Must I drive to his house and pick up the,children?,No,.,A.you shouldnt,B.you might not,C.you neednt,D.you mustnt,B,C,47,8,.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday.,He,it.,A.mustnt have attended,B.cannot have attended,C.neednt have attended,D.would have not attended,B,48,9,.You _ such a long composition.The teacher only asked for 300 words.You have written 600.,A.mustnt have written B.couldnt have written,C.neednt have written D.do not have to write,10,.There is someone knocking at the door.,it be Tom?A.can B.must C.should D.ought to,C,A,49,11,.Two year,s,ago,my husband bought me a bicycle.,If you live in town,it is often faster than a car,and you,worry about parking.,A.must notB.may not,C.should notD.dont have to,12,.-You may laugh,but Ive been thinking of,becoming a vegetarian.,-Oh,you _ be out of your mind.You will be,hungry all the time.,A.will B.may C.must D.should,D,C,50,13,.-I wonder why they are late?,-They _ the train.,cant have missed B.could miss,C.must have missed D.might miss,14,.-Show me your permit,please!,-Oh,its not in my pocket.It _.,A.might fall out B.could fall out,C.should have fallen out D.must have fallen out,C,D,51,15,.-Has Mike started?He said he would join in the party.,-He _.He is a man of keeping his word.,A.could have left B.must have left,C.cant come D.wont be coming,16,.Everything has two sides.Beautiful songs,sometimes,_ be just noise to others.,must B.may C.should D.could,17,.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.,-It _ a comfortable journey.,A.cant be B.mustnt have been,C.should be D.couldnt have been,18,.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers,_.,A.mustnt they B.havent they C.dont they D.didnt they,B,B,D,C,52,19,.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.,neednt dress,B.didnt have to dress up,C.Might not have dressed up,D.neednt have dressed up,20,.Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher.In my opinion,you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.,must have done B.might have done,C.should have done D.could have done,D,C,53,