1、高考英语动词时态考点解读 (1) 一、对一般现在时的考查 1.考查其基本概念:一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词 always, every time,now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年,对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no st
2、orm.(2005年辽宁卷) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 解析:虽然航海发生在过去,但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化,所以要用一般现在时 2.考查一般现在时的替代用法:在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句,在以if,unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句中的
3、动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. (2005年全国卷) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析:if引导条件状语从句,在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来 二、对一般过去时的考查 一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态,它常与表过去的时间状语连用,
4、如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中,这是高考的命题方向。 More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.(2005年上海卷) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent解
5、析:last year表示过去,再者主语是复数形式 三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。— What’s the terrible noise?— The neighbours ____ for a party. (2004年北京卷) A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 解析:上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。 四、对过去进行时的考查 1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作
6、时间长的用过去进行时,表达谈话背景;动作时间短的用一般过去时,表达新的信息。 —You were out when I dropped in at your house.—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷) A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 解析:该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。该题是强调在过去某一时间(你来我家时)正在进行的动作(在机场等人),用过去进行时。句意:“我顺路去你家时
7、你不在家。”“啊,(那个时候)我在机场等从英国来的朋友。” 2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。 —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. (2004年全国卷) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 解析:该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有,问结果;他今天早晨(过去某段时间内)还在做(正在进行的动作)应当用过去进行时态。句意:“萨姆今天做完作业了吗?”“
8、我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。” 3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。 Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.(98) A.has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 解析:根据I don’t know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书,因而去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语la
9、st year导致了考生的定势思维,不少考生因此而误选了选项B(一般过去时)。分析上下文语境可知,选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成,而是指在过去某一时间正在进行,故应选过去进行时。注意:在这一句式结构中,只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时,强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 五、对现在完成时的考查 1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成,而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。 ①He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can
10、borrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷)A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 解析:have decided现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。 ②Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重庆卷) A. has been caused B. had been caused C
11、 will be caused D. will have been caused 解析:“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”,故主语时态应确定为完成时,但D项为将来完成时,显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时,但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。 2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去,常与for或since 等短语连用。 —The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004年全国卷) A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
12、C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 解析:该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks,考虑现在完成时,表示到目前为止的结果,好几周不擦了;窗户与擦的关系是被动关系,故被动语态。句意;“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。” 注:由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动
13、词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如:I haven’t met him for two years. 3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别:一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、 方式等,与现在不发生联系,且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语;而现在完成时只说明现在的情况,对现在有影响。 —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.(98NMET)— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put 解析:第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响,“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作






