2024年非洲青年调查报告（英）.pdf

A TURNING POINT FOR AFRICAN YOUTHResearch Partner:The African Youth Survey 2024 is dedicated to the hopes and aspirations of Africas youth.PR Partner:African Youth Survey 2024A White Paper on the findings of the Ichikowitz Family Foundation African Youth Survey 2024.Published in 2024 by the Ichikowitz Family Foundation Copyright 2024.The Ichikowitz Family Foundation.All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the Ichikowitz Family Foundation.The Ichikowitz Family Foundation,Burson and PSB logos are trademarks.Other company,product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners.The Ichikowitz Family Foundation along with the various contributors will not accept responsibility for any direct or indirect loss or damage you may suffer as a result of using or relying on any of the information in this publication or study.Special thanks to:The various commentators whose analysis and insight brought depth and context to the findings.To Profit Partnership(Pty)Ltd for the design,layout and production.Page 2 Survey MethodologyPage 4 Foreword:Ivor Ichikowitz Chairman of the Ichikowitz Family FoundationPage 6 Foreword:Dr Sian Proctor A visionary artist,futurist,professor of geology and commercial astronaut spaceship pilotPage 8 Executive SummaryPage 12 Top FindingsPage 122 The Ichikowitz Family FoundationPage 10611.TechnologyPage 808.Safety and SecurityPage 646.Future AmbitionsPage 585.Quality of Life and Living StandardsPage 504.Democracy and GovernmentPage 443.Africas Role on the Global StagePage 262.International Influence on AfricaPage 161.Afro-OptimismPage 10010.ImmigrationPage 11612.News and MediaPage 889.EnvironmentPage 747.CorruptionAfrican Youth Survey 1THE COUNTRIES SAMPLED IN 2024 INCLUDED:Botswana,Cameroon,Chad,Congo Brazzaville,Cte dIvoire,Ethiopia,Gabon,Ghana,Kenya,Malawi,Namibia,Nigeria,Rwanda,South Africa,Tanzania and Zambiayears of age50:50gender ratio18-245,604face-to-face interviewswith country nationalsTunisiaMaliAlgeriaLibyaEgyptMoroccoMauritaniaWestern SaharaSenegalGambiaGuineaGuineaBissauSierra LeoneCte dIvoireBurkinaFasoLiberiaGhanaTogoBeninNigeriaCameroonEthiopiaEritreaDjiboutiSomaliaNigerChadCentral African RepublicEquatorial GuineaSo Tom and PrncipeSudanSouth SudanUgandaDemocratic Republicof the CongoCongo Br.ComorosCabo VerdeSeychellesGabonRwandaKenyaAngolaZambiaMalawiNamibiaZimbabweEswatiniMozambiqueMadagascarMauritiusReunionBurundiLesothoSouth AfricaBotswana Tanzania2 African Youth SurveyCountry2020 2022 2024AngolaBotswanaCameroonChadCongo BrazzavilleCte dIvoireDRCEthiopiaGabonGhanaKenyaMalawiMaliMozambiqueNamibiaNigeriaRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabweTotal Countries141516Total Interviews4,2004,5075,604The Ichikowitz Family Foundation launched the African Youth Survey in 2020 to provide governments,the private sector and civil society with insights into the aspirations,motivations,and viewpoints of Africas youth.The most comprehensive study of its kind to date,the African Youth Survey gives a voice to one of the worlds key demographics and provides them with the opportunity to share their opinions,experiences,and aspirations with the world.Remarkable transformation is taking place in Africa,where the population is expected to almost double to 2.5 billion over the next 25 years.This change will not only revolutionise many African nations but also significantly alter their global relationships.While birth rates are falling in wealthier countries,Africas birth rate remains high,driving the most youthful and rapidly expanding population worldwide.Africa boasts the worlds youngest population,with 70%of those living in Sub-Saharan Africa under 30 years of age.By 2050,African youth are expected to account for over a third of the worlds youth and will make up 75%of all Africans under 35 years of age.This considerable youth population offers significant opportunity to drive the continents current and future growth,but only if these emerging generations are sufficiently empowered to maximise their fullpotential.From inception in 2020,this study has been a valuable resource to policymakers,media,and stakeholders of high-quality research on the key issues of the moment,growing its reputation as one of the most impactful pieces of research on thecontinent.PSB Insights,a global insights consultancy,has conducted three waves of research among youth across the continent for the African Youth Survey.Each wave consistedof:Face-to-face interviews(approx.300 per market;approx.1,000 in South Africa in2024)African youth(nationals of each country)between the age of 18-24 Sample split 50:50 male and female Three distinct interview locations across each country,increasing to 18 locations in South Africa in 2024 Five separate districts within each interview location Respondents offered to take the survey in a range of local languages for eachcountry Responses recorded electronically via tablet No incentives were offered as part of researchNote:Where 2024 African Youth numbers are shown on their own,this includes Congo Brazzaville,Ethiopia,Gabon,Ghana,Kenya,Malawi,Nigeria,Rwanda,South Africa,Zambia,Botswana,Namibia,Chad,Cameroon,Tanzania,and Cte dIvoire.Comparisons of change between 2020,2022 and 2024 are shown only among like-for-like markets,which are Congo Brazzaville,Ethiopia,Gabon,Ghana,Kenya,Malawi,Nigeria,Rwanda,South Africa,and Zambia.14,311African Youth Survey 3The African Youth SurveyWelcome to the third edition of the African Youth Survey(AYS).It is a profound pleasure to tell you that the results of this survey are as relevant and as fascinating as they were when the AYS was first launched four years ago.In fact,you will find this edition even more compelling reading.When we conceived the survey,the overriding purpose was to measure the temperature of one of the most important demographics in any society,the youth.In Africa,which already has the youngest population in the world,it was even more important to take the pulse of this cohort of respondents.The aim,in retrospect,was rather quaint.We believed the actual sentiment in Africa was very different to the hopeless tropes so entrenched in the industrialised north of the dark continent beset by the horsemen of the apocalypse,conquest,war,famine and death and pestilence too.We succeeded because the respondents painted a picture that was the polar opposite of the prejudices of the developed world,but the true worth of the African Youth Survey has evolved into so much more than just showing that Africans,especially the next generation of leaders,actually believe in themselves and their continent.It has become an incredibly important and accurate indicator of trends,from domestic to globalpolitics.All of this is important,but it has now come into even sharper relief in this edition because the world is a far more different place;disrupted by geopolitical tension,volatile,uncertain,complex and ambiguous.Against this backdrop,the voice of the African youth becomes even more significant since the continent once again is becoming a proxy battleground for the competing ideologies of an increasingly multi-polar world.Where do the loyalties of the next generation of African leaders lie;are they blindly pro-American or slavishly pro-Russian?Is it as simple as a binary concept or is it more nuanced?What is the effect of Chinas extensive belt and road initiative?These questions have been asked and the answers are as fascinating as ever and,as has become the norm for the African Youth Survey,fly in the face of accepted beliefs on the question.There is much to warm the hearts of Africas supporters at home and abroad,as confidence returns to pre-pandemic levels.But there is much that continues to vex todays youth.As we plumb their greatest fears,we can gauge how these will impact on their desires.In the process,we get a unique insight into what we can expect from a continent that will provide a third of the worlds youth in a quarter of a centurys time.From their beliefs on Africas direction to its role on the world stage as the UN moves ever closer to giving the continent a permanent seat on the all-important Security Council to issues like climate change and the concomitant global warming,corruption,migration,quality of life,crime,terrorism and security,the African Youth Survey takes another step closer to understanding the hopes and the hates of a very important group of people.There are very important indicators about the health and future evolution of democracy on the continent and insights into the congruity or otherwise of government policies and what the youth need andwant.4 African Youth SurveyBuilding on the work of the previous two editions,the African Youth Survey is creating an invaluable body of knowledge that is indispensable for both local political leaders,multinational companies and global aid NGOs when it comes to policy direction,investment and aid programmes in a post COVID world.As we move ever deeper into the epoch that was dubbed the African century only 25 years ago,what needs to be done to make this a reality is becoming clearer:unlocking the potential that lies within Africa and properly harnessing it organically and sustainably to the benefit of not just the people who live there,but to the whole world.If Africa cannot provide this generation with the lives they aspire to,they will have no compunction seeking a better life elsewhere in the countries already groaning under the weight of mass immigration and the toxic rise of local identity politics in response.The gift of the African Youth survey has always been to do the heavy lifting to get into the hearts and minds of the next generation of African leaders and learn how best to work with them.The old African adage has never been truer:if you want to go fast go alone,if you want to go far,go together.I believe this is the African Youth Surveys intrinsic value;it provides the key to going far together.IVOR ICHIKOWITZChairman Ichikowitz FamilyFoundationThe old African adage has never been truer:if you want to go fast go alone,if you want to go far,go together.I believe this is the African Youth Surveys intrinsic value;it provides the key to going far together.African Youth Survey 5Dr Sian Proctor is the first woman in the world to become a commercial astronaut spaceship pilot as well as the first female African American woman to be a mission pilot.A visionary artist,futurist and professor of geology,Dr Proctor is also a US State Department science envoy for the civilian use of space.Follow her on X:or Instagram drsianproctorSeveral weeks before this edition of the African Youth Survey was published,I was in Kenya and South Africa talking to various groups of people,particularly the youth,about my own journey into space and the journeys that await them.It might seem a strange pursuit for Afro sceptics who still choose to see Africa at best as still in its development phase and at worst a continent without hope,especially since space is one of the costliest endeavours imaginable.But the doomsayers and cynics would be wrong as they are about so much else.The civilianization of humanitys last frontier brings with it not just the thrill of aspiration,but the very real tools that we need to resolve our issues right here on earth.Space travel is also no longer in the tight grasp of rival global superpowers,but well within the realms of ordinary mortals.We no longer need to dream it;we can all go to space and perhaps one day even settle on the moon or on Mars.Africans have that right.It is not impossible.South Africas Mark Shuttleworth was Africas first astronaut,Egypts Sara Sabry was next;the first African woman and first Arab.Very shortly,the very first Nigerian astronaut,will go to space with SERA,the Space Exploration and Research Agency.6 African Youth SurveyThe space industry will be worth an estimated trillion dollars by the end of this decade,which Africa can participate in and benefit from not by sending their own rockets but by working in collaboration with others.Humankind has never lived continuously on the moon or anywhere outside of Low Earth Orbit.To be able to do so requires us to be innovative.There are great opportunities for universities,agencies and companies to work together to provide the necessary locales and help build analogue sites on Earth,like the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah in the US or the HI-SEAS Habitat in Hawaii,that can simulate the experiences on Earth that will be found on the Moon or Mars and in the process we can develop solutions together to living in areas where there is no easily accessible water or too much radiation from the sun and intolerably cold;places where there is insufficient breathable air and managing resources and waste can be life or death.It is one of the great,untold benefits of the new race to space:The route to the moon and from there to Mars is through addressing scenarios and creating solutions that will ultimately benefit Earth.To get our astronauts of the future flight ready,to make sustainable life on the moon or Mars a reality rather than a possibility,we need to solve for space the most pressing questions facing Earth from climate change to the management of increasingly scarce resources.It truly is a win-win situation underpinned by the Artemis Accords that guide countries to work together in a spirit of peaceful cooperation for the betterment of humankind.We are building a JEDI future together,one where access to space is Just,Equitable,Diverse,and Inclusive.A JEDI future is premised upon going together and we have not even begun to scope the benefits,because the ripple effect of innovation and inspiration will evolve in ways we cannot begin to imagine.Part of this process means increasing our STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics)education because the greatest growth in opportunity is going to occur in this area,directly with the scientists and engineers that are employed,thetechnicians that support them and indirectly through the entrepreneurs thatfind opportunities.All we need to do is to inspire the youth.They do not need anyones permission to take part,they just need to know how to unlock their part in a future that can belong as much to them as everyone else in the world,which is why the African Youth Survey,and in particular,this edition is so important to changing the narrative.Just as I have been on a mission to get people to understand the potential of space and their role in it,changing the narrative from an exclusionary state-based space race to a global opportunity,so too has the African Youth Survey changed the narrative about this continent and its next generation of leaders.Africa must become flight ready to unlock its incredible potential.The AYS shows that the foundations are already there in the passion and determination among the youth to chart their own d