江苏2008.doc

江苏2008’
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.
Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.
What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.
Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. (from )
Title
Working Together
Theme
Effective performance needs highly cooperated ___71___.
General rules
◆Keep an open mind to everyone’s ___72___.
◆Divide the group task among group members.
◆___73___ and trust each other.

___74___
◆Understand and agree to the ___75___ task of one’s own.
◆Take turns doing various tasks.
◆Show concern for others to ensure safety.
◆Take ___76___ for one’s own learning.
◆Compare your own observations with those of others.

Explore an issue
◆Break the ___77___ into several areas.
◆Keep records of the sources just in ___78___.
◆___79___ your information with others via proper format.
◆Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.
___80___Effectiveness
◆Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.
◆Find out the opportunities and challenges.
 第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）
实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表、更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。

为何倾听
表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系
谁来倾听
家长倾听孩子，理解孩子，消除代沟，……
老师倾听学生
了解学生，满足需求，……
同学相互倾听
增进友谊，互帮互学，……
怎样倾听
（请考生联系自己拟定内容，列举两至三点。）
注意：
1. 对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2. 词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
3. 演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。
Good afternoon, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening!

江苏2009’
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he(or she)is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．
The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．
Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself(thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you)，you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles(perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed(倒退)，nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results． 

第五部分：书面表达(满分25分)
鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。

注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数。
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer．
江苏2010’
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
　　For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction.By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer.
　　One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针).
　　Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体).So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
　　itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under cloudy skies.
　　Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature.
　　Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes.Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night.Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns.But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies.How can they do that?
　　A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon.Not all pigeons can find their way home.Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied.
　　One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
　　magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner.On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons.Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going.But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way.It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense.
　　Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees.These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction.
　　In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary.How
　　would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
　　An answer came from an unexpected source.A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
　　mud of ponds and marshes.He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
　　one direction—north.
　　Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
　　proved magnetic.The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
　　earth’s magnet.
　　The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite.That led
　　to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish.In each
　　animal，except for the bee.the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain.
　　Thus.the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable.
The Magnetic Sense — The Living Compass
Passage outline
Supporting details
The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass
◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲
magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.

◇(72) ▲ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.
The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses
◇ One piece of evidence is the (73) ▲ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.
◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) ▲ under cloudy skies
The (75) ▲ on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses

◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) ▲ their magnetic sense.
◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) ▲ days.
◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees.
The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass
◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ .
◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) ▲ inside their bodies.
　　第五部分：书面表达(满分25分)
　　81.假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”，请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。

自己英语学习的情况
1.英语学习的目的
2.英语学习的方法
3.课外自学的途径
……….
对学校英语教学的建议
（请考生根据自己的经历与感想，提出两至三点建议）。
　　注意：
　　1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
　　2.词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计人总词数。
　　3.文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
　　Dear teacher and schoolmates,1t’s a great pleasure for me to be today and share my　experience of learning English with you_____________.
　　Thank you for listening.
江苏2011’
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy.

第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）
81.下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。
你的短文应包含以下内容：
1，描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作，等等；
2，结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；
3，举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。

注意：
1，可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作