并列句的用法(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,并列句的用法,引言,英语并列句的用法是中学英语教学中的重点和难点，也是历年全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一。为了帮助广大读者系统复习备考，笔者参考了一些语法专著和学术论文，对英语并列句的用法进行整理归纳，以期有助于你们提高复习应试效率，在高考英语考试中取得优异的成绩。,并列句的构成,并列句是由并列连词,and,，,but,，,or,，,for,，,so,，,while,not only,but also,neithernor,等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。,其结构为：简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句。例如：,I teach English and my wife teaches Chinese.,我教英语,，,我妻子教中文。,Mr.Cheng is very old,but he works hard like a young man.,程老师虽然上了年纪,但是工作起来像青年人一样卖力。,Are you a teacher or a student?,你是老师还是学生？,We are having class while some students are talking in low voices.,我们在上课，然而几个学生在低声说话。,Not only is Mr.Li interested in English but also his students are interested in it.,不但李老师而且他的学生也对英语感兴趣。,并列句的分类,1.,表示同等关系的并列句,用来连接两个并列概念。这类并列句常用并列连词,and,连接前后简单句，,and,常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：,Jack likes playing football and he plays well.,杰克喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。,Last year l met Tom and we became friends.,去年我和汤姆相遇，我们俩成了朋友。,2.,表示转折关系的并列句,表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折,这类并列句常用并列连词,but(,但是,),，,yet(,可是,),，,while(,而，另一方面,),，,however(,可是,),等连接前后简单句，,but,常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词,though,或,although,一起使用。例如：,It has no mouth,but it can talk.,它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。,School is over,yet all the teachers are still working.,学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。,He wants to be a writer,while I want to be a scientist.,他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。,Its raining heavily outside,however,we must go out.,外面雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。,3.,表示选择关系的并列句,这类并列句常用并列连词,or(,或者，否则,),等连接前后简单句。,or,有两重含义：,(1),译为“或者”，表示选择。例如：,Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema,现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。,He can stay here and take care of Jane or he can go home to cook.,他待在这儿照顾简或者回家做饭。,(2),译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如：,You must tell the truth,，,or you will be punished,你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。,He tried his best to leave the place,or he lost his life.,他设法离开该地，要不然他就失去性命。,4.,表示因果关系的并列句,这类并列句常用并列连词,for,，,so,等连接前后简单句。,(1)for,在意义上与从属连词,because,，,since,和,as,相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而,for,则连接两简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句,(,结果,)+for+,简单句,(,原因,),。例如：,He has many good friends,for he is an honest man,。,他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。,Get down on your knees,for Im going to kill you.,跪下，因为我要杀死你。,(2)so,意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与,because,同时出现在同一个句子中。因为,because,是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句,(,原因,)+so,简单句,(,结果,),。例如：,I missed the first bus,so I was late for class.,我误了第一班车，所以我上课迟到了。,Mr.Li went to his hometown,so Mr.Wang was taking his class instead,李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。,5.,其他形式的并列句,(1),“祈使句,+and+,简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词,and,引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。,and,所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。例如：,Study hard,and you can go to key university.,好好学习，你就能上重点大学。,Use your head,and you will find away,动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。,(2),“祈使句,+or+,简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词,or,后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如：,Stop,or I will fire.,站住，要不然我开枪了。,Study hard,or you will fall behind the others,努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。,(3),“,either.or,”结构表示“不是就是”，“或者或者”，例如：,Either you will remain here or you will leave.,你不是留在这儿就是离开。,Either my uncle can do it,or my aunt can do it.,我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。,习惯上将两个句子合并成,Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.,(4),“,not only,but also,”意思为不仅而且”，例如：,Not only have the students missed the school car,but also the teacher has missed the school car.,不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。,(5),“,neither,nor,”结构，意为“既不也不”，“两者都不”，用法与,either,or,意为“要么要么”,not only,but also,意为“不但而且”的用法基本相同：都是连接两个并列对等成分。例如：,He studies neither physics nor chemistry.,他既不学习物理也不学习化学。,He studies neither Chinese nor English.,=He doesnt study either Chinese or English.,使用并列句要注意的几种情况,1.,并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开,(,前后句之间的关系须相当紧密,),。例如：,They fished all day;they didnt catch a fish.,他们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓到。,2.,并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如：,My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.,我父亲在工厂工作，母亲在学校工作。,3.,由,so,nor,neither,连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如：,He Ling is not a student,nor am I.,何玲不是学生,我也不是。,Mary can swim,so can I.,玛丽会游泳,我也会。,并列句的典型例题分析,并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一，主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词,and,，,but,，,or,，,for,，,so,等的掌握与运用情况，大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现，有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。例如：,1.Work hard,_ you will pass the driving test.,A.or B.but C.because D.and,【,解,析,】,“努力学习”，“你就会通过驾驶考试”，两者之间是并列关系，应用句式“祈使句,+and+,简单句”。,2.Stop cutting trees,_ the earth will become worse and worse.,A.and B.then C but D.or,【,解,析,】,根据句意，前后是转折关系，应用句式“祈使句,+or+,简单句”。,3.They bought Granny a present _ she liked it very much.A.and B.so C.but,【,解,析,】,本题前后两句表示并列关系。,4.They all went to the cinema _ I didnt.,A.get B.or C.but D.so,解析：本题的前后意思带有转折关系。,5.,Hello,Mr.Huang!,Im sorry,_ I dont think I know you.,A.and B.or C.but D.because,【,解,析,】,本题的前后意思带有转折关系，,but,此处意为“可是”。,6.The little boy is very young _ he can look after himself well.,A.So B.but C.if D.or,【,解,析,】,本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。,7.Bill put his hands behind his back,_ nobody could see his hands.,A.so B.and C.or D.but,【,解,析,】,从上下文可知,nobody could see his hands,的原因是,Bill put his hands behind his back,，所以应该用,so,来表示结果。,8.Neither you nor I _ from Canada.We are from Australia.,A.is B.are C.am D.be,【,解,析,】,“,neither,nor,”结构意为“既不也不”，“两者都不”，连接主语时，谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。,9.,We get knowledge _from books _from life.,Yes,both are important.,A.either,；,or B.not only,；,but also,C neither,；,nor D.not,；,but,【,解,析,】,根据句子的逻辑意思，本题应该选,B,。“,not only,but also,”意为“不仅而且”，用于连接两个并列的内容，做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。专项训练】,用适当的并列连词填空：,1,、,He couldnt know the truth about me,he wouldnt treat me like this.,2,、,The bell is ringing,the lesson is over.,3,、,Although he was ill,he kept on working.,4,、,I cant make up my mind,we will go to Shanghai,we will stay in our city.,5,、,He doesnt talk much,he thinks a lot.,and,still/yet,but,whether,or,or,6,、,It must have rained last night,the ground is still wet.,7,、,The president will visit the town in May,he will open the new hospital.,8,、,Jane was dressed in green,Mary was dressed in blue.,9,、,he did not speak distinctly,I did not hear it clearly.,10,、,He is clever,he often makes mistakes.,11,、,did we write to her,we called up her.,for,when,while,Either,or,however,Not only,but,12,、,He hasnt any money,Im going to lend him some.,13,、,The child was sick;he,didnt go to school.,14,、,Mary was neither happy,was she sad.,15,、,Put on more clothes,youll catch cold.,so,therefore,nor,or,综上所述。,经过适当集中复习，平时反复循环练习，就能熟练地掌握英语并列句用法，在英语考试中取得较为理想的成绩，立于不败之地。,