中国茶文化-英语.doc

Chinese tea culture（中国茶文化-英文版）
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.本文由和茶网原创，转摘请注明出处。
China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one‘s hunger
中国人饮茶，注重一个“品”字。“品茶”不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。

中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。

Chinese tea culture中国茶文化-英文版）

  China is the hometown of tea, tea, tea has several thousand years of history, pruducts blend of the main varieties are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, Huacha, white tea, yellow tea. Tea with fitness, the rule of the disease of drug efficacy, the rich enjoy the fun, can cultivate sentiments. Tea, is China's personal guests of the elegant entertainment and social activities, sitting teahouses, tea party are Chinese social groups tea activities. Chinese tea in the world renowned, came to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, a Japanese tea ceremony.

Chinese tea drinking began. Salt to boil the tea water, in accord with nature, Ya-drink taste for tea taste of the inherent lies mood, this is the tea of the characteristics of Chinese tea. The same quality of tea, such as different water, tea brewing technology different or mixed, bubble tea to have different results. China since ancient times was very particular about the tea brewing, and has accumulated rich experience. Bubble village, to understand the characteristics of various types of tea, the brew master of science technology, so that the inherent quality of tea can be fully demonstrated.

Chinese tea, pay attention to a "goods". "Tea" is not only the identification of the pros and cons of tea, Shen Si with an unparalleled sense of taste and the taste of tea Italy. In his busy schedule of the counter; Nongcha a pot, of the Optional Yajing, Zizhenziyin, can eliminate fatigue, Si Yi Di trouble, be inspired, can also slow Chuo fine drink, to the enjoyment of the United States so that the spiritual world of sublimation To the lofty realm of art. Tea by the general environment of buildings, gardens, domestic furniture, tea wares, and other factors component. Tea requirements quiet, clean, comfortable, clean. China's world-renowned gardens, scenic landscapes is Bukeshengshu. Use of the natural landscape or garden, Erection teahouse, let people rest, Interest scene.

China is an ancient civilization, Liyizhibang, heavy courtesy. Where to the guests, tea, Jingcha the etiquette is essential. When Youke visit, seeking an opinion, the choice of most visitors to taste the best tea and hospitality. King off to tea, tea with the appropriate fight is necessary. In accompany guests tea masters, to the attention of the guests cups, pots of tea residue, the general use tea cup if he has to drink half, we should add boiling water, with the drink with Tim, the concentration of tea remained consistent , The water temperature appropriate. In tea may also be accompanied by appropriate Chasi, candy, food, taste and adjust to the dim sum effect.

Chinese tea culture and the formation and development

China is the hometown of tea, is the world's first discovery of tea, tea and the use of tea cultivation countries. The origin of tea at least the main Qi Wannian history. Tea was found and the use of human, about Siwuqiannian history.

The use of tea was first conceived in the wild collection activities. Legend has it that ancient history "Shennong is Delicate Yuti, to lung liver five internal organs are reflected in its" on the grounds that "if not for Delicate Yuti, taste the medicine on the 1st event of 12 drugs, and why the solution of the« "another said" Shennong tasted Baicao, The case of 12 drugs, a Tu and solutions to. "Although the two can not be said to the letter, but a weak Ling palygorskite information is noteworthy:" Tu "in the long process of consumption, people pay attention to some of its越来Treatment of the "medicine" by nature. This is a reflection of the times-Hong Huang Yi things.

In accordance with "The Book of Songs" and other relevant documentation, in the pre-history, "Tu" refers to all types of wild plants bitterness of food raw materials. Fresh medical unity in the history of the times, the Zhike tea vegetable oil, the Qing God, Xiaoshi, in addition to Zhang, medical function is to facilitate wait until it is not difficult for people found. However, the general medical practices for the development of an exclusive drink often, there must also be some special factors, namely, real-life people in a particular need. Bashu region, to the multiple for Jiyi "Zhang smoke" land. "Barbarian people living with tea, the lack of will." (Ai Qing weeks of "Zhu Guo Travels" Volume II) is often vulgar Bashu people eating spicy side, thousands of habit, still. It is this natural geographical conditions and the resulting decision of the people's dietary practices, making Bashu people first "JIANCHALING" Apart from taking to Zhang Qi, antipyretic drugs. Jiufu-Xi, a medicinal purpose gradually Subduction, tea has become a daily drink was. Qin-Ba-Shu, is likely to see this as a daily drink tea customs.

Tea from medicinal drink into a regular habit, the strict sense of "tea" would then have its typical signs that "tea" (cha) the emergence of sound. Guo Pu Note "Yi-release", "Jia": "small trees such as gardenia, Dong-Sheng Ye, can be boiled for soup to drink. As early as today called for the mining, tea, who was admitted late Ming, a Chuan, Shuren of the TU. "Clearly, the Han," Tu "has been specifically beverage word" tea "in pronunciation," tea "from" Tu "isolated, and embarked on the" independence "road of development. But "tea" the emergence of the word is accompanied by the development of the tea things and commercial activities have become increasingly frequent, until later in the Tang Dynasty, is also in line with the new symbol of a people's social life after such a text change in the law.

China will start from the tea, There are different theories about, the Western Han Dynasty, tea drinking has been a matter of the official literature, drinking tea when the starting time earlier than some. Tea appears to cultural characteristics, in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties period.

Tea Culture Broadly speaking, the tea at the natural sciences and humanities tea in terms of both human society is in the process of historical practice of creating and tea-related material and spiritual wealth combined. In a narrow sense, focusing on the human sciences tea, tea mainly refers to the spiritual and social functions. As the science of tea has become an independent system, which now often say the tea culture emphasis on the humanities.

▲ the three countries before the tea culture of the Enlightenment
Many of the books found that the tea set for 2737-2697 BC, its history can be pushed to Sanhuangwudi. Eastern Han Hua, "The Fresh": "Kucha for food, meaning benefits" of the medical records of the value of tea. Western Han Dynasty tea to the county of origin named "Tu-Ling", that is, Hunan Chaling. To San Guowei generation "-Blair" has the earliest documented the method of tea cakes and drinking: Story of the Pakistani Inter-for cake, pie-old man leaves to a paste of rice. Tea in the form of material and infiltration to other human sciences and the formation of tea culture.

▲ Jin Dynasty, the seeds of the Northern and Southern Dynasties tea culture
With the rise of the literati tea, the tea poetry Gough increasingly available, tea has been out as a general form of eating into the cultural circles, will play the spirit of social role. Jin Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties period, Menfa system has been formed, not only the emperor, nobility amassed a wave of officials and scholars generally皆以Doo-ho proud boast, multi-effect Plaster Liang Hou Wei. In this case, some people of insight to "Yang Lian." Thus, there is satisfied that the land, Huanwen to tea and wine at all. South Qishizuwu emperor is a relatively enlightened emperor, he did not Hei Yu Yan, under Yi Zhao before his death, he said after the funeral to be thrifty as possible, not to Sansheng for offerings, only put more Ganfan, fruit cake and Chafan can. And to "the world Guijian, with such a system." Satisfied that the land, Huanwen, Emperor Wu Qi, where tea is not only refreshing to quench their thirst, it began work in a community, into a tea hospitality, to worship and that a Kind of spirit and sentiment of the means. Tea has not entirely the use of its natural value used by the people, but entered the spirit of the area.

Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties period, the world disorder, all kinds of ideological and cultural exchanges collision, supernaturalism very popular. Metaphysics is the period of the Wei, Jin, a philosophical ideas, mainly糅合Confucian thinking of the Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi-yi. Xuan Xuejia most of the so-called Fellows, the first to the door, the face, the instrument only, Hyun-loving nothingness from the light. Eastern Jin Dynasty, furans North Korea, the affluent Kangnam Scholars to be temporary to meet, hang around all day in Qingshanxiushui between the light winds to continue to develop, resulting in many light home. Initially there are more than idle talk Jiutu home, and later, talk of the wind gradually developed to the general literati. Xuanxue Jia-speech, also general-talk rhetoric. Liquor make people excited, but drinking more would be stricken manner, nonsense, failed Yaguan. The tea-drinking and may be Jingri always clear, it is clear thinking, calm attitude. Moreover, the general terms of the literati, the whole day dealing with Jiurou, of the economy, will not allow. Days, many Xuan Xuejia, talk to wine home from the village. In them, where tea has been treated as a mental phenomenon.

With Buddhism, Taoism up, and have tea and Buddhism, Taoism linked. In Taoism, the tea is to help Lian "inner alchemy" or-down muddy, light-weight-for-bones, Xiu Changshengbulao a good way to the body in Buddhism, the tea is a brooding meditation required of Of the show. Although this has not yet formed a complete religious tea ceremony and the ideological principles set out tea, but tea has been divorced from the diet as a form of state, has significant social, cultural functions, the Chinese tea culture初见clues.

▲ the formation of the Tang Dynasty tea culture
780, Lu Yu, "the tea," tea culture of the Tang Dynasty is a landmark. Tea has summed up its natural and human sciences double content of the tea arts, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism into the three tea, the pioneering spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony. After tea and a large number of books, poems tea, "tea in", "JIANCHALING water", "Cai Cha", "16 soups." Tang tea culture and the formation of the Zen on the rise, the benefits of tea is refreshing thought, spermatogenic Zhike function, the temple advocates tea, tea trees planted around the temple, the development of the tea ceremony, a tea appear, the first election of tea, The matter was tea activities. China's Tang Dynasty in the form of tea ceremony at the palace tea, the tea ceremony of the temple, the literati tea ceremony.

▲ the prosperity of the Song Dynasty tea culture
Song tea has been a great development, and promote the development of the tea culture, the literati in a professional Tea Associations, an official of the "social soup", a Buddhist, "1,000 clubs." Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin tea is a嗜of disabilities, in court and authorities in the establishment of tea things, the court has been using tea grades. Tea-ceremony system has become, thanks to win over Secretary of tea has become the emperor, with relatives眷an important means, but also give foreign envoys. As for the lower social and vitality of tea culture is more lively, some of movement, the neighbourhood to "Xiancha" You Ke, to respect the "gold ingot tea", when engaged to "tea", the time of the marriage to "the tea", when roommate "A tea." Cha Doo civil wind, has brought Preparing cooking point of a series of changes.

Since the Yuan Dynasty, the tea culture has entered a period of twists and turns. Song expansion of the tea culture and the social dimension of cultural forms, tea things are booming, but the tea to complicated, trivial, luxury, lost the Tang Dynasty tea culture profound ideological connotation, too delicate tea flooded the spirit of the tea culture, lost Its noble profound nature. In court, nobles, scholars there, drinking tea became a "drink at the child" and "drinking style," and "Play tea."

Mongol Yuan Dynasty into the Central Plains, the Chinese nation marks the full integration greatly accelerate the pace. On the one hand, although the northern ethnic minorities like tea, but mainly out of life, physical needs, from the culture it has Tea Zhu Ming Fun little things give the other hand, the subdued broken the face of Han culture, Ethnic oppression, but also ina