雅思小作文阶段练习和总结.doc

小作文常用词汇与句型Summary
饼状图基本是由百分比来描述数字的相对大小的。
试想下中文的描述语言：A占。。。的百分之。。。
其中包含两种词汇：1. 占， 2. 百分比
1. 占：
a. 主动：occupy, take up, account for, constitute, represent
b. 被动：be shared by,
c. 词组：be in chart of, be responsible for
2. 比例：percentage, proportion, segment, rate, share, figure
3. 数字表示：
a. 纯数字：32% ，32 percent
b. 分数：one third, two fifths , one in four, three out of four
c. 文字表示：quarter, half, the majority, the vast majority, the minority, the small minority, a tiny percentage of …, most of
d. 大概： just over, just under, nearly, about, around, approximately, roughly,

除了main features以外，我们还要make comparisons，即对象之内以及之间的大小比较。
比较的三种情况：
1. 大/小：
a. More than/ less than
b. Higher—lower, larger---smaller
c. More popular
d. The most popular / the largest-smallest proportion
e. Favor / prefer A rather than B
2. 相同：
a. As many/ much/ popular as
三种句式：
1. The number of students in Class A is as many as that in Class B.
2. Class A has as many students as Class B
3. As many students in Class A sat the IELTS as those in Class B.
b. Follow the similar pattern
c. A similar trend could be seen in A.
d. The trend favors A rather than B.
3. 倍数：
a. Double the number of…
b. XX times as many as
4. 修饰词： much, slightly, considerably, nearly
5. 转折词：on the other hand, by contrast, however, another example is , conversely, while, whereas
一、 ) 主体段常用句式
1. A is/occupies.. % / A (%)…. /A, which occupies %, …. / with …
2. A, comprising/consisting of %, …. -----= include整体包括部分；compose, constitute 部分组成整体
3. The largest number went on/ came from ..
4. A has almost over a quarter/half/twice as many population/much money as B
5. A has some figures in common with B. / A similar pattern can be found in B
6. The chief difference between A and B lies in…
7. A is overwhelming greater than B
8. A is/occupies.. % / A (%)…. /A, which occupies %, …. / with …
9. A, comprising/consisting of %, …. -----= include整体包括部分；compose, constitute 部分组成整体
10. The largest number went on/ came from.

练习：写下以下词语的同义替换

Show： ------------------------------------------
below：---------------------------------------------------
Information： ---------------------------------------------------
Proportion： ---------------------------------------------------
Number： ---------------------------------------------------
Category： -------------------
Demand： ---------------------------------------------------
Males： ---------------------------------------------------
Females： ---------------------------------------------------
University： ---------------------------------------------------
Family：

练习：
把下列作文的开头段与对应的题目做比较，找出改写了的内容。
1. The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002. 剑9T2
2. The graph shows energy consumption in the US from 1989 to 2012, and projected consumption to 2030. 剑9T4 注意含将来时
3. The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. 剑8T1
4. The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001. 剑8T2
5. The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004. 剑7T2
6. The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years, electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France. 剑7T4
7. The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000. 剑6T1
8. The graph shows the increase in the aging population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective population by the year 2040. 剑5T1 注意含将来时
9. The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999. 剑4T1
10. The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999. 剑4T4

饼状图核心表达练习
由…组成：
Be made up of
Be composed of /be comprised of
Consist of
包含一个家长或者只有一个成人的家庭不大可能会贫困。
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表示占多少（后面跟百分比或者是数字）：

Make up
农场工人只占据总人口的一小部分。
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在2003年，53%的硕士毕业生是由男人组成的。
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饼状图四个核心句型练习

用四种句式表达“10%的人在办公室上网”
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下面答案里的句型和表达摘抄下来，extremely important expressions
参考答案：
10% of the young people get online in their offices.
There are 10% of the young people who get online in their offices.
The people who get online in their offices take up 10% of the total.
The percentage of the people who get online in their offices is 10 percent.

练习：将下面信息采取不同形式写成6个不同的句子。
我们一共60人，有44个同学喜欢麦兜。（Mc Dull）
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44 out of 60 students in our class like Mc Dull.（句型：数字 数据形式：分数）
Three quarters of the students in our class like Mc Dull.（句型：数字 数据形式：约数）
Approximately 75% of the students in our class like Mc Dull.
（句型：数字 数据形式：百分比）
The majority of the students in our class like Mc Dull.（句型：数字 数据形式：约数）
There are 44 students who like Mc Dull. （句型：there be 数据形式：数字）
The students who like Mc Dull takes up/accounts for approximately 75% of the total.
The percentage of the students who like Mc Dull is approximately 75%.