中考词汇专项复习.doc

年级 九 科目 英语 设计人 何希云
中考英语词汇专项复习
一、构词法
1．动词→名词
work→ worker   invent→ inventor　 teach→ teacher　 sing→ singer
visit → visitor   drive→ driver invent→ invention 
operate→ operation write→writer
2．名词→名词
farm→ farmer   police→ policeman  French→ Frenchman
Chinese→Chinese
3．名词→形容词
care→ careful  use→ useful cloud→ cloudy China→ Chinese
sun→ sunny    wind→ windy    rain→ rainy America→ American  
interest→ interesting     difference→ different      ice→icy
4．形容词→副词
quick → quickly   happy→ happily possible→ possibly  true→ truly
polite→ politely    wide→ widely useful→usefully careful→carefully angry→angrily
5．形容词→反义词
happy → unhappy  usual→ unusual   able→ unable fair→unfair
expensive→unexpensive
二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释
例如：look after－take care of
 right away－at once
right now－now —at the moment
 have a rest－take a rest
 in the middle of－in the centre of

 do well in－be good at
in front- in the front
do the washing-do some washing
三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法
例如：
1．right adj．正确的
She is wrong．I’m right．她错了我是对的。
adv．恰恰，正好
It's right on your head．它正好在你头上。
n．右边
Li lei sits on my right．李雷坐在我右边。
2．back n．背，后背，后部
adv．向后，回原处
Put your bag behind your back．（n．）把你的书包放在背后。
She'll be back（adv．）in five minutes．她五分钟后回来。
3．poor adj．贫穷的；可怜的；不好的
She was too poor to buy a house．她穷得买不起房子住。
The poor old woman had no room to live in．这位可怜的老妇人没有地方住。
He is poor at dancing．他不擅于跳舞。
4．call v．称呼，取名；呼唤，叫来；大声说，叫喊
n．叫，喊 （一次）电话，通话
The girl was called LanLan．这个女孩被叫做兰兰
You'd better call a teacher．你最好请老师来。
She heard someone calling．她听见有人在叫。
He heard a call for help．他听到呼救的声音。
He'll give me a call later．他以后再给我打电话。
四、同义词（近义词），反义词（对应词）的词类及用法
例如：
1．any和some
二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑问句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some代替any。
I can see some students in the garden．
I can't see any people there．
Would you like some bananas?
2．Borrow from lend to
borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”
lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……”“借出”
──Will you please lend me your English book?
──Sorry, I've lent it to Tom．
──Thank you all the same．I'll borrow it from Mary．
3．take, bring, carry
take：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：
Bring your sister here tomorrow．
Could you take it to the room?
carry是随身携带，不表明来去的方向，如：
I can't carry the desk．It's too heavy．
4．find, look for, find out
find意为“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out 是“发现、查明（真相）”
She can't find her coat．
She is looking for it．
We are trying to find out who broke the window．
5．look, see, watch
look是“看”，经常和at搭配，look at　看……　
如：Look at the blackboard．
see是“看见”。如：Can you see the birds in the tree?
watch是“观看”如：I am watching TV nom．
6．other, the other, others, another
other可作为形容词，意为“其他的”如：What other things can you see?
要注意掌握one…the other的用法，表示（两者中的）一个…另一个，如：
I have two pens．One is red, the other is green．
others泛指另外的人或物。the others表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”，如：
Some girls are singing , （the）others are playing football．
another意为“另一个”。如：I want another orange．
7．speak, say, talk, tell
speak重在指人们对语言的掌握或使用。say强调说话的内容，talk指交谈或连续说话, 常与with或to搭配。tell意为告诉一个事实。如：
I can speak a little Chinese．
She said she was going to be a doctor．
What are you talking about?
Could you tell me the way to the cinema?
8．too, also, either
too, also, either都表示“也”。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否定句。如：
I am a worker, too．
She is also a worker．
He isn't a farmer, either．
9．reach, arrive, get to
三者都表示到达。“get to +地点”多用于口语副词前要省去to。reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。arrive是不及物动词，要用介词in或at再加地点，较大地点用in，较小的地点用at, 如：
Have they arrived in Shanghai?
We reached Beijing last night．
I get there at seven every day．
10．cost, pay, spend
cost的主语只能是“物”，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主语spend in(doing )/spend on 。cost表示“值（多少）钱”“花费”，spend表示“花费”“度过”。pay表示付款pay for 。
可以记住下列句型：
1）主语（物）＋cost＋ sb．＋sth．
2）主语（人）＋spend＋...＋ in doing sth. / on sth.
3）pay与for连用，主语（人）＋pay for ...
例句：
She paid fifteen yuan for the book．
They spent ten yuan on the book．
We spend half an hour in reading English ever day
The book cost him nine yuan．

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