说明文-王菊学案.docx

高三专题阅读微技能————语篇模式与框架I导学案
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Passage 1 【2015·新课标全国II】
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.
A. their home comforts B. their body shape
C. house buying D. healthy diets
2．A home environment in blue can help people ____.
A. digest food better B. reduce food intake
C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites
3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music
C. Use smaller spoons D. Turn down the lights
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

Passage 2 【2015·陕西卷】
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
5．What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.
C. It slows down the loss of shade trees. D. It improves local soil conditions.
6．The purpose of the text is to .
A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade
7．Where does this text probably come from ?
A. An agricultural magazine. B. A medical journal.
C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide.

Passage 3 【2016·全国丙卷】七选五
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1． But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 2．This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
3． Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 4．When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.5． First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices（调料）.
Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

Homework: 给Passage 1 挖空，将其改编成七选五，并说明每一题的设空原因。
试卷第1页，总2页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
参考答案

1．B
2．B
3．C
4．A
【解析】
试题分析：你家的房子对你的身材很有影响。长胖还是变瘦关键看你如何设计自己的家了。我们这里有很好的建议4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。
1．B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。
3．C 推理判断题。本题是在考查考生是否理解了4条建议。第4段People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.，说明吃得慢就吃得少，吃得快就多，故A错；If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.说明放舒缓的音乐可以让人吃得慢，反之则快，故B错；第二段Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,由此可知房间暗会增加饮食，所以D错；最后一段When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.用大勺和小勺吃饭，相差14%，故选C。
4．A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。
【考点定位】科普类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。

5．B
6．D
7．A
8．A
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产给环境和生态带来的种种危害，呼吁人们不要购买这种咖啡，而要买对环境有利的产品。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子：The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来空气污染和全球气温变暖，故选B。
6．写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的句子：But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.可知作者的意图是劝说人们购买阴凉处种植的咖啡，这样对环境是有好处的，故选D。
7．推理判断题。文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来的破坏，应该是出自一本农业杂志，故选A。
8．文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选A。
【考点定位】环保类阅读理解

9．G
10．D
11．F
12．A
13．B
【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，鱼是健康的食物。本文介绍了购买和烹饪鱼肉的方法。
9．G 根据横线前句Everyone knows that fish is good for health.可知大家都知道鱼对人的健康有益。本句对这一说法进行解释。G项“The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease”鱼肉里的脂肪可以预防心脏病，这一说法和第一句相搭配。
10．D 横线前句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”告诉我们购买存储和烹饪鱼肉并不难，需要我们了解相关的知识即可。且与横线后句“This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.”相一致。
11．F 根据横线后句Fresh fish should smell sweet新鲜的鱼闻起来很甜。说明本段告诉我们买鱼的时候要先闻闻味道。故F项正确。
12．A 横线前句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”味道过浓的鱼都是不新鲜的鱼。这样的鱼是不能购买的。故A项正确。
13．B 根据横线后两句“First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.”可知在介绍蒸鱼的方法。所以B项“The easiest is to steam it.最容易的方法是蒸鱼。”符合上下文串联。
考点：考查说明文阅读
答案第1页，总2页