中学英语语法专题特殊句式.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,倒装 全部倒装,1.,表示时间,(,now,then,),或地点（方位）的副词,(,here,there,up,down,in,out,away,off,),或介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要,全部倒装。,注：,在全部倒装句中，谓语动词是表示运动的,不及物动词,(,如,go,come,，,run,，,rush,，,fly),或系动词,be,通常用,一般现在时和一般过去时，,不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。,例,1 At the foot of the mountain_.(06,年四川卷,)A.a village lie B.lies a village C.does a village lie D.lying a village,B,Just in front of our house_ with a history of 1,000 years.(06,年上海卷,)A.does a tall tree stand,B.stands a tall tree C.a tall tree is standing,D.a tall tree stands,2.,代词,such,放在句首，句子的谓语动词是,be,。,Such was,Albert Einstein,，,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist,Such are,the facts,；,no one can deny them,B,on the floor,was a boy aged about l7,Seated on the ground,are a group of young people.,注：全部倒装可用于定语从句中。,He suddenly found himself standing at the foot of a hill,，,on top of which stood an old temple,The little boy sat by a house,in front of _ _ (be)some trees.,（,2009,天津）,which were,never,barely,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere,at no time,by no means,no longer,hardly/scarcely.when,no soonerthan,not onlybut(also),not until,neithernor,等。,但,neithernor,引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。,Neither do,I know her address,，,nor does,he,Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means_ with my progress.(06,年重庆卷,)A.the teacher is not satisfied,B.is the teacher not satisfied C.the teacher is satisfied,D.is the teacher satisfied,例,4 Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,no sooner_ than it happened.(06,年天津卷,)A.had she gone B.she had gone,C.has she gone D.she has gone,D,A,Not only_ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it.(02,年上海卷,)A.the teacher himself is;all his students are B.the teacher himself is;are all his students C.is the teacher himself;are all his students D.is the teacher himself;all his students are,D,only+,副词,/,介词短语,/,状语从句,置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装,例,6 Only then_ how much damage had been caused?(06,年陕西卷,)A.she realized B.she had realized C.had she realized D.did she realize,D,So difficult_ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(06,年广东卷,)A.I did find B.did I find,C.I have found D.have I found,In such a hurry _ his office that he forgot to lock the door.,A.did he leaveB.he left,C.he had left D.has he left,3.so/suchthat,结构中的,so,such,连同它所修饰的成分位于句首表示强调时,主句要进行部分倒装,B,A,so,neither,nor,表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构,“,so,neither,nor,助动词系动词情态动词主语”（,so,表示肯定意义；,neither,nor,表示否定意义）,例,8 Its burning hot today,isnt it?Yes._ yesterday.(06,年福建卷,)A.So was it B.So it was,C.So it is D.So is it,A,I would never come to this restaurant,again.The food is terrible._.(04,年全国卷,)A.Nor am I B.Neither would I,C.Same with me D.So do I,B,Well,，,I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast.,(05,年辽宁卷,)_.A.So it is B.So is it C.So does it D.So it does,A,had,should,等助,动词时，可以将,if,省略，把助动词放在条件状语从,句的句首。,例,11 _ fired,your health care and other,benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06,年湖北卷,)A.Would you be B.Should you be,C.Could you be D.Might you be,B,_ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to see the film.(95,年上海卷,)A.If it is not B.Were it not,C.Had it not been D.If they were not,C,as/though,引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。,即,as/though,引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前），构成,“形容词,/,副词,/,名词,/,动词原形,+as/though+,主语,+,谓语部分”,的形式。,例,13 _,he talks a lot about his favorites singers after class.(05,年重庆卷,)A.A quiet student as he may be,B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may be,D.Quiet as he may be a student,B,_,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.(01,年上海卷,)A.As long as I have traveled,B.Now that I have traveled so much C.Much as I have traveled,D.As I have traveled so much,C,句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。,如,:,Try hard,as he will,/,Try,as he might,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。,will wait for him to have dinner together,.,A,.,However late is he,B,.,However he is late,B,.,However is he late,D,.,However late he is,2,.,(2004,上海春季,),_,I have t,o,put it away and f,ocus,my attention on study this week,.,A,.,However the story is amusing,B,.,No matter amusing the story is,C,.,However amusing the story is,D,.,No matter h,ow,the story is am,u,sing,3,.,(2004,湖北卷,)You should try to get a good nights sleep,_,m,uc,h work you have to do,.,A,.,however B,.,no matter C,.,although D,.,whatever,D,C,A,7.however/no matter how,tried his best to solve the problem,_,difficult it was,.,A,.,however B,.,no matter C,.,whatever D,.,although,A,however,倒装的结构为：,however/no matter how+adj./adv.+,主语,+,谓语,however/no matter how+adj.+a+n.+,主语,+,谓语,however/no matter how+many/much+n.+,主语,+,谓语,例如：,No matter how,difficult the problem is,we must manage to solve it,.,无论问题有多么困难，我们都必须设法解决。,At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _,one of the ten largest cities in China.,A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies,C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie,2.Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.,A.did he begin B.had he begun,C.he began D.he had begun,3.We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.,A.we think B.think we,C.we do think D.do we think,A,A,D,John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.,A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood,C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl,D,强调,1,强调句型,强调句型的陈述句,形式：,It is,was+,被强调部分,+that,who,It is l who am to blame,It is what he used to do that really matters,It was the man who was dressed in black that helped to catch the thief.,It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work.,it,Professor Wang that,who teaches you English?,Was it in 1786 that the modern Olympic Games started?,强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序要用陈述语序。,如：,I wonder,if/whether it is,Professor Wang that teaches you English,it that?,注：这时,that,who,从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序。,Who was it,that broke the window?,When was it,that you called me yesterday?,Why is it,that smoking is not allowed here?,强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。,如：,I dont understand,why it is that,smoking is not,allowed here,is,was not until+,被强调部分,+that,注：这时,that,who,从句中的谓语动词形式有变化。,It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed,变式强调句型：,变式,It,must,may,might,be,that,变式,It,must,may,might have,been,that,变式,It,cant,couldnt,be,that,变式,Can,Could it,be,that?,It might be his father that youre thinking of,Could it be Tom that is making the noise?,it in the factory,you visited last week,this kind of car is made?,A./;thatB.where;when,C.where;thatD.,;when,It is the protection for the trees,really matters,rather than how many trees are planted.,A.what B.that,C.,D.which,It is the ability to do the job _ matters,not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it,It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.,A.who B.which C.that D.what,A,C,B,B,is,was,和,that,去掉，如果剩下的部分,无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。,It was on January 1 that l paid a visit to my I friend Jennifer,It was January 1 when I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer,It was in this cave that Chairman Mao worked with his comrades for ages,It was this cave where Chairman Mao worked with his comrades for ages,you do stay,，,let me know,He did write to you last week,另外，,do,还可用于对祈使句的强调,。,Do come this evening,be,句式,1,there be,句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地,方有什么人或事物”。在此句式中，,be,是谓语动词，,be,后面的名词是主语。,There,is,a tall tree and chairs in front of the classroom,2,there be,句式中的,be,可以有,不同的时态,，而且,可,以和助动词或情态动词连用,。,There,have been,many great changes in our country since then,There,must be,a mistake somewhere,there be,句式中的,be,有时可用,seem to be,，,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be,等替代。,There,happened to,be a man walking by,There is expected to be an announcement about,the project next week,4,there be,句式中的,be,可用,remain,，,live,，,stand,lie,exist,等不及物动词替代,表示存在。,Once there,lived,a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else,No one knows exactly if there,exist,other living things in the universe,there be,句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，用两种形式：,there being,和,there to be,。,there being,在句中通常,用于独立主格结构作原因状语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语,。,There being,no further business,，,l declared the meeting closed,Whats the chance of,there being,an election this year?,I cant imagine,there being,such a quiet place here,there to be,在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。,l dont,want there to be,another conflict,The students,expected there to be,more reviewing,classes before the final exams,is no,point/sense(in)doing,“,做某事没用或没有意义”,There is no point in worrying about it.,There is no need for/to do“,没有必要,”,There is no need to hurry.We have enough time.,There is no doubt about/that“,毫无疑问,”,There is no doubt that she has told the truth.,祈使句,1.,祈使句的否定式是在前面加,dont,或,never.,Dont be so sure./Never come late again.,2.,祈使句可带主语,为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出指令，可加上主语“,you”,或同时加上称呼语。,Tom,you water the flowers!,命令或吩咐几个人分别做几件事时，祈使句需要带主语“,you”.You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor.,mind you own business!,祈使句的主语还可用“,everyone;everybody;someone;somebody;nobody”,或第三人称。,Someone answer the phone!,谁去接一下电话！,构成句式：,祈使句,+and/or(else)/otherwise+,陈述句,该祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句。有时祈使句可省略动词，用一个名词或名词短语来代替。,Go away,or I,will,call the police.,One more week,and we,will,accomplish the work.,Another step further,and Ill shoot.,反意疑问句,1.,简单句的反意疑问句,everyone/everybody;someone,somebody;no one/nobody;none,等表示人的不定代词,作主语时，反意疑问句 的主语多用,they,有时可用,he,;,当,主语是,everything;anything;something;nothing,等,时，反意疑问句 的主语用,it,.,Nobody came when I was out,did they,?,Everything has gone wrong today,hasnt it,?,2.,祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句在句末加“,will you”;,以,lets,和,let us,开头的祈使句，分别用,shall we,和,will you,.,Remember to come and join us,will you,?,Dont make any noise,will you,?,get down to work,_?,Let us calm down,_?,3.,情态动词表示推测时的反意疑问句,“情态动词,+be”,的反意疑问句的动词常用,am/is/are.,You must be very upset,arent you,?,“,情态动词,+have done”,反意疑问句的动词,a.,句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是实义动词，反意疑问句的动词常用,didnt,;,b.,句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是,been,，反意疑问句的动词常用,wasnt/werent,;,c.,句中没有时间状语，反意疑问句的动词常用,havent/hasnt,。,shall we,will you,children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday,_?,The minister must have arrived in Shanghai,_?,They must have been very tired yesterday,_?,4.,复合句的反意疑问句,在主从复合句中，反意疑问句部分的代词和动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。,This is the second time that he has been to Japan,_?,isnt it,werent they,hasnt he,didnt they,(dont)think(believe;suppose;imagine;expect)+,宾语从句中，,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，并要注意否定转移,。,I think you have heard of him before,_?,I dont think you have heard of him before,_?,5.,反意疑问句的回答 对于反意疑问句的回答，如事实是肯定的，就用,yes;,如事实是否定的，则用,no.,如陈述句是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式，回答时,yes,或,no,正好与汉语意义相反。,His sister didnt attend the meeting,_?,Yes,she did./No,she didnt.,did she,have you,havent you,感叹句,What+a(n)+adj.+n.+,主语,+,谓语！,What+adj.+n.(,不可数名词或名词复数,)+,主语,+,谓语！,How+adj./adv.+,主语,+,谓语！,How+adj.+a(n)+n.+,主语,+,谓语！,How+,主语,+,谓语！,_ fine weather we are having today!,_ a difficult problem it is!,_ difficult a problem it is!,_ the time flies!,What,What,How,How,省略,1.,省略主语,What about going out for a walk?,(It)Sounds like a good idea.,2.,省略谓语或谓语的一部分,What do you think made Mary so upset?,_(lose)her new bicycle(made her so upset).,3.,省略宾语,Is Mr.Smith in his office?,Sorry,I dont know(whether he is or not).,4.,省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分,What does he want to eat?,(He wants)Some rice and vegetables.,Losing,在同一句或紧密相连的句子中，为避免重复，省略相同的动词及动词短语，只保留,to.,否定式是,not to.,如果不定式中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,时，这些词也可保留。,I havent been to Hong Kong,，,but l want _,He is no longer what he used _.,I didnt tell him the news,Oh,you ought _,He wasnt told about the news,Oh,he ought _,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,to,not to,to have been,to have,to be,在并列句中，后面分句中可以省略与前句相同的成分。,One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.,A.the other is white B.another is white,C.the other white D.another white,7.,状语从句中句子成分的省略,在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，,如果从,句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是,it,且从句的,谓语部分含有,be,，,则从句中主语和谓语部分,be,可省略。,C,Though _(lack)money,his parents managed to send him to university.,The old man was lying on the ground as if _(hurt)badly.,He opened his mouth as if _(say)something.,lacking,hurt,to say,had,should,等助动词,时，可以将,if,省略，把助动词放在条件状语从句的句首。,What would have happened,had Bob walked farther,as far as the river bank?,9.,宾语从句的省略,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?,_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it,C.I believe not so D.I believe not,The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?,_.A.I guess not so B.I dont guess,C.I dont guess so D.I guess so,D,D,uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice _ expensive.,A.as B.so C.too D.very,The pianos in the other shop will be _,but_.,A.cheaper,not as better,B.more cheap,not as better,C.cheaper,not as good,D.more cheap,not as good,A,C,Where did you get to know her?,It was on the farm _ we worked.,A.that B.there,C.which D.where,He was nearly drowned once.,When was_?,_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A.that;it B.this,；,this,C.this;it D.that,；,this,D,A,