把握九个一致巧解短文改错.doc

NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：
一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。
二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：
一．时态一致
短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1． My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET'98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。
例2． I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET' 2000)
此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。
例3． Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93)第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was, 使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。
二．主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
(NMET'2000) 主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。
例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(NMET'93)主语为A or B时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes .
例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (NMET'98) 此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。
三．平行一致
not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET'98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文 makes保持一致，改为gives.
例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET'96) 此句中的drove应与前文to meet 保持平行，故改为drive。
四．数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths,
Chinese…(NMET'97) quite a few只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject 应改为subjects.
例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)与lots of 保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.
五．主饰一致 句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。
除了例9，例10外，还有
例11．…so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001)
all 若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。
例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success.(NMET2000) all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate 应为schoolmates.
例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET'99)
Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。
例14．I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET'95) 修饰名词，应为a wonderful time.
六．指代一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性 上与上下文保持一致。
例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
(NEMT'96) The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their.
例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET'97)
此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17． And I can't forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET'95)
此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。
七．语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT'94)
与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。
八．搭配一致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET'2000) 后
跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.
例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET'97)
look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。
例21．But it didn't matter that I would win or not. (NMET'2000)
与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。
例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)
in any other words意为"换言之"，应为in other words。
九．逻辑一致
这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go 等。
例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET'2000)
上下文看，应为She---my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but 应为and。
例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET'99)
从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone 改为everyone或everybody.
例25．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET'98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.