专题一句子成分.doc

专题一 句子
Ⅰ、句子结构分析（主要成分主语和谓语，次要成分是表语，宾语，宾语补语，定语，同位语和状语）
1.主语：是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。表示所说的是谁或是什么。由名词the bag，代词he，不定式to do，动名词doing，从句充当。eg. The bag is mine.
He is a boy. To do it is my wish. Getting up early is a good habit. What you said is wrong.
2.谓语：说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。由系动词be和行为动词及情态动词三种。eg. He is handsome. She looks pretty
3.宾语：表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句等充当。 eg. We all love our motherland. She can dress herself. What are you doing now? I wish to call on you. He admitted dong so .
We don’t know where he works.
4.表语：位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。 eg. He is a teacher. Talking is not doing. I am surprised at his speech. That is what I said.
5.定语：用以修饰名词或代词。由名词，形容词，代词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，从句等充当eg. He is a physics teacher. She is my teacher. Please show me another skirt. I have a lots of work to do. This is a moving film. I know the boy who left just now.
6.同位语：说明前面名词或代词的具体内容。由名词，代词，数词，从句充当。
eg. Our teacher Mr. Li is very strict. We all love our motherland。
We two will go to see you. The news that he will come is right
I have no idea who he is. The news that his father died made him very sad.
Word came that the women’s volleyball team had won the championship.
The thought came to him that maybe the ene.my had fled the city.
同位语从句也可用逗号隔开，eg. The question, whether we need it, has not been considered.
7.宾语补足语：用于宾语之后，补充说明宾语的特征或状态、内容。由名词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语充当。
eg. We call her “Big Sister”. I allow him to have a look. He kept me waiting half a day.
I saw him wounded. It drove her mad. Let’s show him out.
They found the boy in the forest.
8.状语：用以修饰动词，副词，形容词或全句。由名词，形容词，副词，不定式，现在分词过去分词，介词短语，介词复合结构，独立主格结构，从句充当。
eg. He walked ten miles. She smiled, full of happiness. He is running fast. He stopped to talk with me. Being ill, he didn’t go to the office.
Given more time I’ll agree to do it. They’re playing on the ground.
We should sleep with windows open. He rushed out, gun in hand.
We’ll go where the people need us.
Ⅱ、句子分类：
按结构分类，句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。
五种基本句型：
1. 主语+不及物动词： 4. 主语+及物动词+双宾（间接宾语和直接宾语）
A bird can fly. He also brought me a cup of tea at once.
I live in Ji’an. He brought me a cup.
2. 主语+连系动词+表语： 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
The sentence is simple. The sun keeps us warm,
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语： I wish you to stay.
We study history. We treat the girl as our daughter.
We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
There be 句型
并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。
He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
She is an American but she lives in England.
Some people respect him, while others look down upon him.
复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。名词性从句：包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句；定语从句和状语从句。
1.主从：When we discuss it is not decided. What he did was only for himself.
That you are good at maths is known to all.
2.表从：The question is that you don’t like it.
That is why we are going to punish you.
That was how she won the first prize.
3.宾从： He said that he had seen the film.
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
She was afraid that she would lose face.
4.同从：The news that they had succeeded encouraged us.
I have no idea when he will be back.
5.定从：The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
I’ll never forget the day when I stepped onto the rostrum.
6.状从：He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
As he was not well, I decided to go without him.