系表结构有两部分构成.doc

A.系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语
一 连系动词：
连系动词分为三类：be 动词，感官动词，趋势动词。
1) Be 动词：am, is, are, was, were
2) 感官动词：sound, look, taste, feel, smell
3) 趋势动词：appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain
注意： 有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。
He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词
I am growing apples in my backyard.-及物动词
The sea is growing rough.---连系动词
He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词
The food tastes good.--- 连系动词
二 表语：
下列成分都可以做表语：名词， 形容词，副词， 动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句．
使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):
1）名词:
False： I am.
Right： I am a student.
2) 形容词：
False： He became.
Right： He became strong.
3) 副词：
False： She remained.
Right： She remained there.
4) 现在分词：
False： The story seemed.
Right: The story seemed interesting.
5) 过去分词：
False： The windows seemed.
Right: The windows seemed broken.
6) 动名词：
False： His job is teach English.
Right: His job is teaching English.
7) 动词不定式：
False： Her plan is become the winner in the game.
Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game.
6）和7）的区别：
6）中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语；
7）中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。
8) 表语从句：
False：The question is.
Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.
Right: The question is what he is going to do next.
Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself.
B.连系动词用法盘点
连系动词(link v.)是一种本身有一定的意义，但不能独立做句子谓语的动词，需要在它的后面加上表语一起构成"系表结构"。最常见的系动词是be，但有些感官动词和有些表示变化的动词也可作连系动词。其用法特点如下：
　　一、be用作连系动词，后常加形容词、数词、副词、名词、介词短语等作表语。例如：
　　She is beautiful.
　　He was thirteen last year.
　　Is your mother in? No, she's out.
　　My father is a doctor.
　　The bag isn't on the desk. It's in the desk.
　　二、常见感官动词用作连系动词及常与其搭配的形容词。
　　例如：
　　The school looks so beautiful. 学校看起来很美。
　　The plan sounds nice. 这个计划听起来不错。
　　The meat smells terrible. 这肉闻起来很难闻。
　　The milk tastes sour. 牛奶酸了。
　　She feels a little nervous. 她感到有点紧张。
　　三、表示变化的连系动词及常与其搭配的形容词。
　　 例如：
　　His face is turning red. 他的脸变红了。
　　Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大了。
　　When summer comes, it is getting hotter and hotter. 当夏天到来时，天气变得越来越热。
　　四、表示感觉和表示变化的连系动词的否定、疑问以及时态变化的形式均类似于行为动词。例如：
　　They don't look well.
　　The music sounds nice, doesn't it?
　　Did he feel excited at the news?
　　Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.
　　She always seems sad, doesn't she?