定语与五种句型关联学案.doc

定语知识小结
By Megan
一、 基础概念引入
1. 定义：修饰或限定名词的词语叫定语。
定语是用来说明 的品质与特征的 或__________。
2. 位置：定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。
3. 类型：前置定语通常由单个的形容词或名词担任；后置定语则由形容词或者相当于形容词的词组（如介词结构、形容词词组、非谓语动词词组）和从句（定语从句）担任。
4、关联：由形容词到相当于形容词的词组到定语从句，它们之间有内在的关联，尤其是相当于形容词的词组与定语从句之间在一定条件下可以相互转换。
5、能力：朗读时，一般在相当于形容词的词组或从句处有停顿，听时可帮助意群分节理解，以提高口语与受听的节奏感；阅读时，要善于迅速分清主干名词与定语部分，理解其修饰、限制或说明主干名词的作用；写作时，按照定语的语法规则，妥善安排好其词序和语序，定语是丰富和拓展内容的有效手段。
二、 具体知识讲解
（一） 作前置定语的有：
例如：
1：English book 英语书room number房间号码
2：my book 我的书her pen 她的钢笔 Our teacher 我们的老师Nick's house 尼克的房子
3.：expensive book 贵的书good book 好的书 happy girl 快乐的女孩
4： three books 三本书 Ten apples 十个苹果
【小结】1、与汉语有区别的是，英语名词前面一般应有五种限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格）中的任一种修饰限定，缺少一般就是错误（高考改错中经常出现）；
2、试着翻译“学校教师”，下面哪个正确：school teachers, school’s teachers, the teachers of this school；如何区分？名词修饰名词更强调其“功能用途”，往往具有“恒久性”特征，所有格则表示“暂时所有”属性。还应注意区分：chemistry lessons /chemical lessons, wood desk / wooden desk等。（该区分知识可从《剑桥简明英语语法指南》中求证查找）
（二）作后置定语的有：
A. 句子： (复合句专题再讲)
B. 少量的单词作定语时会放在被修饰的名词或代词后，它们是：
1.  英语中有些以 为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语后面。如：alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等
例如：The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister.  
He is the greatest writer alive.   
2. 以后缀 和  结尾的形容词，有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时，也往往后置。
例如： He is the only person reliable.    
Are there any tickets available?
That's the only star visible now.
3. 形容词修饰由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,-thing构成的 时，一般放在其后。
例如： I’d like something cheaper 
There is something strange in the sky.    
4. 在意义上表示时间、地点等的少量 ，做定语时一般放在名词之后。
例如： The weather here is very nice. 
The building around are mostly of modern constructions.   
C. 五个常见短语：
1、 做后置定语
例如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.    
People in the world play basketball.     
The city of New York is very large.     
2、 做后置定语
例如：He looked at the street full of cars.
Italian is a Language very difficult to learn.
She has a garden much larger than yours.
3、 做后置定语
例如： They built a highway leading into the mountains.   
We met a group of pupils returning from school. 
【注意】
现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词 ；现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的 .
例如：The sleeping boy is Tom
The boy sleeping on the ground is Tom.
4、 做后置定语
例如：What’s the language spoken in that area?    
Is there anything planned for tonight?  
5、 做后置定语：
I have a lot of work to do today. 
He had a big family to support.  
Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active.  
【注意】现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动
第一组：
1] The man _______________________(stand )over there now.
2] The man _______________________(stand)over there then.
3] The man _______________________(stand )over there yesterday.
4] The man _______________________(stand ) over there very often.
5] The man _______________________(stand )over there tomorrow.

1] The man ___________ (stand )over there now is from America.
2] The man ___________ (stand)over there then is from America.
3] The man ___________ (stand )over there yesterday is from America .
4] The man __________ (stand ) over there very often is from America .
5] The man __________ (stand )over there tomorrow is from America .

第二组：
1, The building ______________(build )here now.
2, The building ______________(build )here then.
3, The building ______________(build )here last year.
4, The building ______________(build )here very often.
5, The building ______________(build)here already.
6, The building ______________(build)here next year.

1, The building ______________ (build )here now is a school .
2, The building ______________ (build )here then is a school .
3, The building ______________ (build )here last year is a school .
4, The building ______________ (build )here very often is a school
5, The building ______________ (build)here already is a school.
6, The building ______________ (build)here next year is a school..

用分词改写句子
1. Do you know the boy who is reading in the room?

2. The teacher had to correct the mistakes which were made by the students.

3. The man who gave us the lecture was a famous scientist

4. The road which is being built will be used next week.

句子判断： 1、 The teacher reading the reports written by the students.
2、 The teacher reading the reports written by the students is Megan.

三、在线连接高考
1、前置定语的考查：
2016高考卷I ：68、69
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ___68___ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few ___69___ (day) with his sister.

2015高考卷I 63、65
A few hours before, I had been at home in Hong Kong, with ___63___ (it) choking smog.
Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
•••dark waters of the Li River_64which__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___65___ (painting).
二调试卷 62、63、68
After a long journey I reached Yunnan. With ___62___ (it) minority villages and impressive landscapes, Yunnan had a lot to offer. One of my __63___ (enjoy) moments in Yunnan was during my visit to The Tiger Leaping Gorge.
···looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ___68___ (relax) experiences of my life.
三调试卷 66、改错
···the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their ___66___ (value) wood, or learn how to use it better.
改错：Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning.

2、后置定语的考察：
2016全国卷I 66 改错
I was the first Western TV reporter ___66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
改错: Every day he makes sure the vegetables using for cooking are fresh.

2015全国卷I 68、69、70
A study of travelers ___68___ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ___69___ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ___70___ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

三调试卷 69
The food ___69___ (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor.•••
还有一些潜在的考察：写作中(三调范文例句）和阅读篇章中（长难句简化专题再讲）。
1.) I am writing to invite you to share with our fellow students your perspective on how to relax ourselves
2.) In view of this, the valuable suggestion from you, an experienced teacher, should be of great help.
3.) We’d appreciate very much the chance to read your words of wisdom.