1、间隔式定语从句类型探究 江苏省灌云高级中学 222200 赵斯明 一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行项(如果先行项是一个单词,也可以称为先行词)之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它成分间隔开来,这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句。间隔式定语从句使用广泛,也是高考常见的考点。如2004年高考英语试卷全国卷中的完形填空37题: The word“spaghetti(意大利面条)”brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville 37 all of us were seated around the t
2、able and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. A. when B. where C. since D. after 学生易把Belleville当成后面定语从句的先行词而选择B项,但从句中已含有地点状语around the table,由此看出定语从句的先行项不是地点而是时间an evening ,因此应选择A。实际上句子中间的at uncle Alien’s in Belleville 把定语从句和先行项分隔开来,增加了句子难度。 按分隔部分所作句子成分来划分,间隔式定语从句可以分为四种常见类型:定语型、状语
3、型、谓语型和独立型。 定语型 1. Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 10年前的一个下午,我到你家借过一条项链,你还记得吗? 句中由关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰先行项one afternoon。ten years ago 是定语,也是修饰one afternoon 的。 2. I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。
4、 who-clause 修饰它的先行词person,中间被定语in my office 隔开。如果把in my office 放在句末,则意为“我是在办公室里被邀请的唯一的人”,产生歧义。 3. Only men perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar, and on a type of “horse” with four legs which has two handles fixed to the top surface.只有男子参加吊环、双杠、单杠和鞍马比赛,这种“马”有四条腿,背上有两个把手。 which-
5、clause 修饰它的先行词horse,中间被定语with four legs隔开。 4. Four years later, she left the children’s home and entered an institute for the blind, where she learnt Braille. 四年后,她离开了那家孤儿院,进入了一所盲人学校,在那里学了布莱叶盲文。 where-clause 修饰它的先行词institute,中间被定语for the blind隔开。 状语型 1. A better method is to take the waste far o
6、ut to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down. 比较好的办法是把粪便用船运到很远的海上,那里的风浪会把它分解。 where-clause修饰它的先行词sea,中间被方式状语in ships隔开。 2. Henry Ford started the Ford Motor Company in 1903, which later became the largest car company in the world. Henry Ford在1903年创办了Ford汽车公司,后来成了世界上最大的汽车公司。 which-
7、clause 修饰它的先行项Ford Motor Company,被时间状语in 1903隔开。 谓语型 1. Cave paintings have been found which are at least 20,000 years old and are perhaps the oldest form of art yet discovered on the earth. (这里)发现了至少20,000年之久的石窟壁画,可能是迄今世界上所发现的最古老的艺术作品。 2. Fist, areas of land must be found where this rubbish ca
8、n be put. 首先必须找到能够堆放垃圾的成片土地。 以上两例句都是谓语分隔了定语从句和先行项。例1中have been found 分隔先行项cave paintings和which-clause; 例2中must be found分隔先行项areas of land 和where-clause。因为两句的先行项都是充当句子的主语,如果把修饰主语的定语从句置于其后,则主语太长,造成头重脚轻。因此谓语型间隔式定语从句主要是为了平衡句子结构。又如: Finally another material is painted on to the stones which
9、 will protect them from water for ever. which-clause 的先行词不是stones而是material,定语从句被谓语部分分离。 独立型 独立型间隔式定语从句是指间隔定语从句和先行项的是一个独立结构。这种类型较为复杂,但在教材中也偶有出现。如: A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women, who are cleaning, repairing and reb
10、uilding parts of this temple. 一个有15名印度人的专家组,组织了一个有400名柬埔寨人的劳动大军,其中多数是妇女,他们对这座寺庙的某些部分进行清洗、修理和重建。 who引导的定语从句先行项是400 Cambodians,中间的most of them women是一个独立成分。 独立型间隔式定语从句不同于并列定语从句。并列定语从句是指两个定语从句共同修饰一个先行项,两个定语从句中间用and联接。如: In 1898 Madame Curie discovered the first of these new radioactive minerals, which she named “polonium” in honor of her motherland — Poland, and on which she wrote a research paper. 1898年居里夫人发现了这些新放射性矿物中的第一种。为了向祖国—波兰表示敬意,她把这种矿物取名为“钋”,并写了一篇关于钋的研究论文。 识别间隔式定语从句不仅有助于分清句子类型,还有助于分析长句和理解句意,提高阅读能力。






