语法填空解题技巧.doc

语法填空解题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。1. Christ child market is a pleasant festival for children in Canada. My husband ,my daughter and I attended _ this year.2. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _ watched the announcement from Singapore.3. He sat there for hours and hours, seemingly unmoving. The tribe was beginning to get worried and restless, but nobody wanted to disturb _.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。1.The chief sat quietly for _ moment.2.In his childhood the boy often cheated _boys out of money and things.3.Chinese people express_ love to their mothers in a variety of ways.常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone），（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。1It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_ rice crop grow up quickly.2The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。1. When a person is burnt, wash and cool the area of the skin under the cold tap _ a while.2.The yellow river forces the water to overflow its banks and flood the countryside _miles.4.Great changes will have been made _ medicine, too.5. Who should have the honor of receiving me _a guest in their house.技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。1. Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso_ Da Vinci , which are worth millions of dollars.2. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.技巧5: 若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。1. After her death she was sent to the hell,_all the evil souls were punished.2. All parents should know first aids in order to deal with common injuries _ may happen to their children.3. At the center of the square_ young children were playing about4. About 40-50 old people went to the party,_ was full of joy and happiness.技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1) 由it is that 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is that结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。例1： Only_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(4) so / such that句型例2：This made the goat so jealous _that_ it began plotting against the donkey.二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。1. If a person _(lose) one third of his/her blood, he/she _ die.2.Mothers day has become an international festival and _(accept) by many countries3. Now, Valentines Day _(celebrate) in many countries around the world.4. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away.其次，若所给动词既不做谓语也不做非谓语，那就是词的转换题。技巧8: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。例1：There are_(comfort) feelings as any kind of physical pain.例2：It came into _(exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.These people have made great _ _(contribute) to China with their work.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly pleased her father. 三、词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用哪种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。技巧9: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。1.The youngster immediately fell _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.2.Teachers must try their best to make most of their students_(interest) in the subject.3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_(nature) course.技巧10: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。1.As I looked _(close) at this girl, I found that2.There must be something _(serious) wrong with our society.3._(fortune), the guest escaped unharmed.技巧11: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。1.Your mistake caused a lot of _ _(necessary) work in the office.2.Its origins are _(clear) and hidden in the river of time.技巧12:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。1.,but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _ (high)2. At 79, she is several times _ (old) than most competitors.5