现在完成时的讲解和练习.doc

现在完成时的讲解和练习对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。（导入）有时候，这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。一 现在完成时的构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。略 )Exercises1 选择填空( )1.I Enghish in this school since 1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate her grand mothers photo before(A)havent seen (B)have seen (C)see (D)hasnt seen( )4. Mary you these days.(A)Has,seen (B)Do,see (C)Did,see (D)Is,seeing( )5.so far ,we thousands of Building in Quanzhou(A)build (B)have build (C)build (D)will build二、否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)Exercises2 选择填空( )1.Have you finished your work? .(A).Yes,I have. (B)Yes,I do. (C)Yes,I am. (D)Yes,I did.( )2.Has she ever learned English? (A)Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does. (C)No, she doesnt (D)No, she has( )3.He finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt(B)havent (C)hasnt (D)doesnt have三 现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与never/ever，just，already/yet，before。so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help. He has just seen the film. He hasnt come back yet。以ever和never为标志 ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. He has never been to Beijing. 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. She has passed the examso far.never/ever，just，already/yet，before。so far的用法.1already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：1）Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： 1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。Exercises3 选择填空( )1.Have you travelled on the train. Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.Have you finished your homework Not .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We havent finished our homework .(A)already(B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.Have you learned English? Yes, Ive learned a lot.(A)never, ever(B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )5.Have you finished your homework ? Yes, Ive done that (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )6.Johns father borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet四、现在完成时含义之二表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与for, since, how long, these days等连用。Since+过去点的时间（since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点）Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. for+一段时间（数词+量词），（for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段）。此划线部分用how long提问。We have known each other for twenty years. I havent seen her for a long time. Exercises4 A）用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left hereB）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.C）选择填空( )1.Ive been like this ever snice (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week( )2.My mother has worked in this factory 2 years.(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I havent heard from him last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before( )4.His father joined the party_(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years time( )5.He moved here in 1999,and he has been here .(A)at that time (B)for five years ago(C)since four years (D)for four years( )6.Tom has been away from home about five days ago.(A) (B)in (C)since (D)for五、句式：主句（现在完成时）since+ 从句（一般过去时） ( )1.she English in our school ever since she here.(A)has taught, come (B)taught ,came(C)has taught, has come (D)teaches, has come( )2.OurEnghish teacher in our school since he to China.(A)has taught . come (B)taught,come(C)has taught, has . come (D)teaches, has come( )3.She in Taizhou since she born in 1980(A)has lived, has been (B)has lived, was(C)lived, has been (D)lived, was六、句式：Its 一段时间since从句（用一般过去时）( )1.Its ten years since she .(A)has left (B)has been away (C)left (D)leave ( )2. Its three years since he the army . (A)has joined (B)has been in (C)join (D)joined七、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroadhave(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用， I have just been to the post office. Mary has never been to the Great Wall. Have you ever been to Hangzhou? have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。：I have been to Beijing three times.。They have been to that village several times. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.。Exercises7A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.C）选择填空( )1.Mrs whites isnt here, she London, she there many times(A)has been to , went (B)has gone to , has been(C)went to, has gone (D)has been to , has gone( )2.She has_ to Beijing twice .(A)gone (B) got (C)been (D)come( )3.where your father , Li Lei? To Beijing(A)have, been (B)has, been (C)have, gone (D)has, gone( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( )6.They_ China for two years (A)have been to (B)have been in(C)have gone to (D)have come to八、现在完成时的反意疑问句【have（nt）/has（nt）代词】 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before , he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is九、How long与现在完成时 ( )1.-_ have you been here? - Since last year(A)How far (B)How long (C)How often (D)How soon( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has, kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy十、短暂性转换延续性现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时），over these years, in the past years, 以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）： 1） 他入团两年了。误：He has joined the League for two years正：He has been a League member for two years2）我买这辆自行车三年了。误：I have bought this bike for three years正：I have had this bike for three years Exercises10A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.C）选择填空( )1.How long can I this book? Two weeks(A)borrow (B)keep (C)lend (D)return( )2.Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead (C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from( )5.He a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6.Lihuas brother has for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasnt Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away 十一、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）When常与一般过去时连用，How long常与与现在完成时连用 When did you come to Beijing? How long have you been in Beijing?Exercises 11 选择填空( )1. Have you finshed your homework Yes, I it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2. you ever to Nanjing Yes, I there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went