第四周+介词和介词短语（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第四周　介词和介词短语

一、常见介词的用法
常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。
1．against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。
My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.
我母亲反对我的建议，然而我父亲赞成。
2．beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。
常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、够不着、管不了”。
No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.
没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。
3．by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以……计；依据”讲。
As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.

据我所知，工人们通常按月来付工资。
4．for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained for.(2012·浙江高考)
我总想从事以前为之培训的工作。
5．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。
The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.(2012·辽宁高考)
Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。
6．across有“横跨”之意。
Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders？(2012·北京高考)
你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？
7．on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词­ing形式。
Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train.(2013·福建三明三校第一次联考)
Rose一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱。
8．over可表示时间，意为“在……期间；直到……结束”。
I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2011·山东高考)
很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。
9．within可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内”。
The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.
政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。
10．of表示“在……范围内”。
Of all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.(2012·浙江高考)
在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。
二、介词短语辨析
考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。
1．与介词in搭配的常用短语
in a way　　　　　　　 在某种程度上
in no way 没门
in the way 挡住道路
in vain 徒劳
in general 通常，大体上
in detail 详细地
in turn 轮流
in return 作为回报
in need 需要
in time 迟早
2．与out of搭配的常用短语
out of date/time 过时/过期
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 没门/绝不可能
out of shape 变形
out of fashion 不流行
out of order 出了故障
out of reach 遥不可及
3．in＋名词＋of”常用搭配
in honor of 为纪念……
in charge of 负责，掌管
in terms of 依据，根据
in praise of 赞扬
in favor of 支持，赞同
in need of 需要
4．与介词at连用的常用短语
at no time 决不
at a time 一次/每次
at one time 一度/曾经
at times 不时地/有时
at one's request 应某人的要求
at a loss 不知所措
5．其他常考短语
on behalf of 代表
by chance/accident 偶然
after all 毕竟，别忘了
regardless of 不管，不顾
on the whole 总的说来
on the contrary 相反

考点一 常见介词辨析
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.
A．over B．by
C．for D．against
解析：选D　句意：为了完成这个项目，我们简直是在和时间赛跑啊。幸运的是，我们做到了。against表示“与……比赛”，符合句意。
2．(2013·安徽高考)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
A．on B．at
C．for D．to
解析：选C　句意：在你到某一旅游胜地参观之前，先在你们当地的图书馆找一本与之相关的书看看。本题考查的是look for短语，因为in your local library这一地点状语提前插入其中，从而增加了试题的难度。实际上，后半句是由look for a book about it in your local library演变而来的。故选C。
3．(2013·北京高考)I have an appointment ________ Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.
A．to B．off
C．with D．from
解析：选C　句意：我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改变一下。have an appointment with sb.表示“和某人有约”。
4．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
A．against B．before
C．beyond D．without
解析：选D　句意：没有一些数学知识，不可能有严谨的物理研究。由语境知，without在此表示条件，意为“如果没有”，故选D。
5．(2013·山东高考)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
A．from B．by
C．at D．for
解析：选D　句意：史密斯夫妇因其教养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。be praised for ...是固定搭配，意为“因……而受到赞扬”，故选D。

考点二 介词短语辨析
6．(2013·湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A．at random B．by chance
C．in turn D．on occasion
解析：选B　句意：最近，一位艺术家渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B，表示“偶然地”。at random“任意地，随便地”in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，偶尔”。
7．(2013·辽宁高考)________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A．By means of B．On behalf of
C．In search of D．For fear of
解析：选B　句意：我代表在场的所有人祝您归国旅途愉快。on behalf of“代表”，符合句意。by means of“借助……手段”；in search of“寻找”；for fear of“唯恐”。
8．(2013·浙江高考)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.________， I'll set the table.
A．As a result B．On the whole
C．In the meanwhile D．As a matter of fact
解析：选C　句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。in the meanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。as a result“结果”；on the whole“大体上”；as a matter of fact“事实上”。

Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·常州高三巩固性训练)I'm afraid physics is completely ________ me and I have to ask you for help.
A．beyond B．over
C．against D．off
解析：选A　句意：恐怕物理对我来说太难了，我得请你帮忙。根据后面的“have to ask you for help”可知应选beyond。be beyond sb.“超出某人的理解能力”。
2．(2014·江西红色六校联考)Sorry, I have no time left now.Can we discuss the matter ________ supper?
A．over B．on
C．by D．at
解析：选A　句意：对不起，我现在没有时间了。我们能晚饭时再谈这件事吗？根据句意可知应选over，表示“在……期间”。
3．(2014·宿州检测)In my opinion, wine improves ________ age, and it is the same with friendship.
A．at B．with
C．for D．in
解析：选B　句意：在我看来，年份越久远，酒香越醇厚友谊也一样。根据句意可知答案为B。with作为介词，含义较多，在此表示“随着”的意思。
4．—Is everything in place for the celebration on the weekend?
—Not yet.It's really a race ________ time to get all work done.
A．at B．in
C．on D．against
解析：选D　句意：“周末的庆典一切准备就绪了吗？”“还没有。要把一切工作做好真是与时间赛跑。”a race against time“和时间赛跑，抢时间”。
5．(2014·苏州中学质检)Although the price has gone up by 5%, it's still ________ the limit set by the government.
A．beyond B．within
C．outside D．off
解析：选B　句意：虽然价格上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within“在……之内”，符合句意。
6．(2014·南京一中模拟)—Can I have your business number?
—You can call me, free of charge, ________ 66887790.
A．at B．by
C．with D．for
解析：选A　由语境可知，答语意为：你可以给我打免费电话66887790。at意为“以(某种价格、速度等)，用……”；by意为“通过，依据”；with意为“随着”；for意为“为了，因为”。当表示用某个电话号码时常用介词at。故A项正确。
7．(2014·杭州一检)The film's ending follows a set pattern, but, ________， it is worth seeing a second time.
A．on the other hand B．in other words
C．all in all D．in the meanwhile
解析：选C　句意：这部电影的结局遵循了一个固定的模式，但是，总的来说，它值得再看一次。on the other hand“另一方面”；in other words“换句话说”；all in all“总的来说”；in the meanwhile“同时”。
8．(2014·江西两所名校考试)They agreed to the plan ________ but there were several details they didn't like.
A．in detail B．in order
C．in place D．in principle
解析：选D　句意：他们基本上同意这个计划，但有些细节他们并不喜欢。in principle“大体上，基本上”，符合句意。in detail“详细地”；in order“就绪，妥当”；in place“准备就绪”。
9．(2014·安徽省芜湖三校一模)With a tough job market, many students' hope to find jobs which they have been trained ________ is little.
A．on B．for
C．by D．of
解析：选B　句意：面对严峻的就业形势，许多学生想从事他们被培训过的工作的希望很渺茫。该句主语的中心词是hope，句中定语从句“which they have been trained ________”修饰jobs，分析语境可知，此处用介词for表目的。
10．(2014·福建龙岩三校模拟)Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn't develop economy ________ the environment.
A．at the expense of B．in the face of
C．in spite of D．on account of
解析：选A　句意：现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。at the expense of“在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下”，符合句意。in the face of“面对”；in spite of“尽管”；on account of“由于，因为”。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in_place_of_meat (代替肉) which might be harmful to her heart.
2．(2014·四川六校高三联考)When she was in trouble, I did what I could to help her.In_return_for_my_help (回报我的帮助), she wrote me a letter of thanks.
3．(2014·江苏宿豫中学模拟)—How did she lose so much weight as expected?
—In_addition_to_eating_less (除少吃之外), she jogged for several miles every day.
4．(2014· 浙江六校联考)The lady has won the position in the end because she has_the_advantage_over_others (比其他人有优势) of knowing many languages.
5．(2014·山东青岛一模)Nowadays more people are advised to arrange for insurance in_case (以防) they need medical care.