第十三周+名词性从句（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第十三周　名词性从句

一、各种名词性从句的定义
①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
②In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(宾语从句)
近几年来，关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。
③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句)
当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。
④—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's where I don't agree. You should have a more active life.(表语从句)
——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。
——那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极的生活。

1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。
2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。
3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。
4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。
二、that引导的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句
①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.(2014·江西抚州适应性测试)
你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。
②It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见学生应该对未来做好准备。
③It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。

连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。
(1)that引导主语从句位于句首时，that无意义，但是不可省略。
(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句。
②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句。
2．that引导宾语从句
①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013·北京高考)
专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。
②He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。
③He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。

(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。
3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句
①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位语从句)(2012·浙江高考)
我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。

(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。
(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。
三、whether/if(是否)引导名词性从句
①It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012·山东高考)
在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)
②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.
我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)
③The question is whether it is worth trying.
问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)
④He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)
⑤It depends on whether you can do the work well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。(宾语从句，不可用if代替whether)

whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。
1．与or或or not连用时只能用whether
2．从句作介词宾语时只能用whether
3．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句
①It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
②Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012·四川高考)
科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。
③Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(2014·福州质检)
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。
④It hasn't been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.(2014·皖南八校联考)
新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。
⑤I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(2014·开封高中模考)
恐怕他是夸夸其谈而非埋头实干的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。

1．特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。
2．能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
3．以上疑问词可引导介词宾语从句。
4．特殊疑问词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。
五、what, wh­ever引导的名词性从句
①What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.(2013·重庆高考)
影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。
②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)
任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
③There are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(宾语从句)
有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。
④Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不相信。

1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。
3．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。
4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)
②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)

1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。
2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。

考点一 主语从句
1．(2013·四川高考)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A．When　　　　　　　　　　 B．How
C．What D．That
解析：选C　句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。
2．(2013·陕西高考)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
解析：选D　句意：这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意来判断，此处表示“是否”的意思。故选D。

考点二 宾语从句
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A．which B．where
C．how D．what
解析：选D　句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。
4．(2013·山东高考)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose
C．which D．that
解析：选D　句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选D。
5．(2013·湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
A．how B．that
C．which D．where
解析：选A　句意：别让失败使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你离胜利有多近。及物动词tell后接宾语从句，根据句意可知空处修饰形容词close，故应用how。

考点三 表语从句
6．(2013·安徽高考)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why B．how
C．because D．whether
解析：选C　句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。此处考查的是表语从句的引导词，主要涉及because和why引导表语从句时的区别。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，应用because，故选C。

考点四 同位语从句
7．(2013·浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that
C．which D．whether
解析：选B　空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故选B项。

考点五 wh­ever引导的名词性从句
8．(2013·江西高考) one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A．Whoever B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
解析：选C　句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的one of you可知，此空要用whichever修饰one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。
[解题技法指导]
技法一：句子成分分析法
看从句是否缺少成分，不缺少成分就用that, whether/if；缺少成分就用wh­类连接代词。
(1)抓住同位语从句的特征：同位语从句通常跟hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名词之后。
(2)that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分；在定语从句中作主语表语或宾语。
[典例]　(2013·北京高考)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What
C．Who D．Which
[分析]　考查主语从句。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选B。
技法二：结构分析法
近几年来，在考查名词性从句题目时，命题人有意把句子结构复杂化，如加入插入语、倒装句、强调结构、复杂从句、易混结构等。做题时，若能正确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络，就能正确理解句子含义，提高答题的速度和准确率。
[典例]　(2012·重庆高考)Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A．why B．how
C．whether D．that
[分析]　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故选连词that，即D项。

Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏南五校联考)We were all surprised when she made it clear ________ she would retire soon.
A．whether B．that
C．when D．what
解析：选B　本句中it是形式宾语，clear后的从句是真正的宾语。“________ she would retire soon”不缺少成分，所以用that引导该宾语从句。故选B项。
2．More than 100 students have entered for the competition and ________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one
C．that D．whoever
解析：选D　句意：100多名学生参加了竞赛，获得最高分的学生将会成为获胜者。分析句子结构可知，“________ gains the most points”为主语从句，从句中缺主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。
3．(2014·无锡调研)________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.
A．That B．Why
C．What D．Whether
解析：选A　句意：在中国，目前女大学毕业生找工作似乎很难。分析句子成分可知，主语从句中不缺任何成分，只缺引导词，故选A。that引导主语从句时在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。
4．(2014·江西六校联考)—It remains to be seen ________ the plan can be put into practice.
—It depends on your determination.
A．whether B．where
C．how D．that
解析：选A　第一句中的It为形式主语，代替后面的主语从句。根据句意可知，空处表示“是否”，故选whether。
5．(2014·淮安高三模拟)—I serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.
—I'm sorry to say that's ________ you are mistaken.
A．how B．why
C．what D．where
解析：选D　根据答句句意“很遗憾，那正是你出错的地方”可知答案为D项。
6．—I wonder ________ so many people are crazy about Gangnam Style.
—It's good for bodybuilding, and it brings people a lot of fun, you know.
A．how B．where
C．why D．that
解析：选C　句意：“我想知道为什么这么多人热衷于《江南Style》。”“你知道，它有利于健身，而且给人们带来了很多乐趣。”根据句意可知，应用why引导宾语从句。
7．(2014·九江模考)________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
A．What; whom B．What; whose
C．It; whose D．As; whom
解析：选A　分析句子成分后可知，“________ is surprising to us”是主语从句，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故第一空用what；“for ________ English was once boring”是非限制性定语从句修饰Tom，表示“曾经，对于Tom来说，英语非常枯燥”，此空作for的宾语，故第二空用whom。
8．(2014·湖南十校联考)Life is like a cup, and it's up to you to decide ________ it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.
A．how B．why
C．that D．whether
解析：选D　句意：生活就像一个杯子，是饮水杯还是刷牙杯由你来决定。whether与or连用，意为“无论……还是……”。
9．—Are you in favour of Tom's suggestion ________ we work around the clock to meet the deadline?
—No. But ________ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical.
A．which; what B．that; that
C．which; that D．that; what
解析：选D　前一句的suggestion后的从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，是同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，因此用that引导。答语中含有一个主语从句从句的谓语动词suggested后需要接宾语，所以用连接代词what。
10．(2014·河南调研)As many as ten courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．however D．wherever
解析：选B　后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，排除C、D两项。前句中已出现了courses，后面应选择表示特定范围的whichever。
Ⅱ.语法与阅读
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.
[分析]　本句中it是主语，that引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
[译文]　这就进一步要求医生们在听到相反观点的时候，不要反应过激。这么做会使得同行们再也不发表他们的观点了。
2．(2013·福建高考阅读E)The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.

[分析]　这是一个主从复合句。to seek their views作目的状语，介词on后是how引导的宾语从句。
[译文]　该活动是为全世界的年轻人举办的，征寻他们对于青年和教育的未来该是什么样子的看法。
3．(2013·浙江高考阅读A)That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
[分析]　本句为复合句。主句是That_led_to_the_concept_of_specialization，定语从句为which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job。同时定语从句中又包含宾语从句that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job。
[译文]　那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生，这意味着人们会专门研究或者说关注某个特定的工作。