动词的语态导学案.doc

河高 “自主互动”高效课堂 序号6
动词的语态 导学案
编制人：雷翊 审核人：赵清林
【学习目标】
自主学习，掌握动词的语态，提高在语境中运用的能力。
【使用说明及学法指导】
1.10分钟结合导学案总结、理解并熟记基本用法。
2.20分钟合作探究，建立知识体系。
3.15分钟当堂检测，巩固落实，展示点评探究内容
课前预习案
【自主学习】------大声读

观察下列每组句子，找出它们有什么不同。
1.He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.
2.The motorbike is ridden to his factory (by him) every day.

3.We call the snowman Mr Strong.
4.The snowman is called Mr Strong (by us).

5.He can carry the basket easily.
6.The basket can be easily carried by him.

7.They can sing some beautiful songs.
8.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.

9.They will finish the task tomorrow.
10.The task will be finished (by them) tomorrow.

What is the Passive Voice?
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

一、语态概述
所谓语态是指主语和谓语动词的关系。英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态 (the Active Voice)
被动语态 (the Passive Voice)
A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
We planted the trees.
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
The trees were planted by us.
二、被动语态的用法
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
This watch is made in China.
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
More trees must be planted every year.
3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (强调汉语的适用范围广泛)
4. 动作的发出者不是人时。
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
5.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。
He was born in October, 1989．
课堂探究案
---------------------------------------------------------
【合作探究】------我参与
合作探究一：
对学、互学，小组里学习对子互相探讨，完成右栏里的知识总结和归纳。
合作探究二：群学，全体起立，组内探讨疑问，展示收获，完善右栏探究任务。
我的疑问

我的收获

三、被动语态的构成
be +及物动词的过去分词
1. 一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词+ 其他
1. The classroom _________by the students every day. ( clean)
2. Chinese____________ by more and more people in the world.(speak)
2. 一般过去时
主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. The kite ________ by him yesterday.(make)
2.Our house ___________ in 1969.(build)
3. 现在进行时
主语 + am/is/ are being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. A new teaching building ________________ in our school now. (build)
2. Tom’s car __________________now. (repair)
4. 过去进行时
主语 + was/were being +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. A letter _________________ by her at this time yesterday. (write)
5. 一般将来时
主语 + will/shall/be going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. More new teaching buildings ______________in the countryside next year. (build)
2. A talk on Chinese history ___________ in the school hall next week. (give)

6. 现在完成时
主语 + have/has been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. The work _____________ by him already. (do)
2. The party _____________ since the new year. (plan)
7. 过去完成时
主语 + had been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. The homework __________________by him before 7 pm yesterday. (finish)
8. 过去将来时
主语 + would/should/(was/were) going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. My mother said a big birthday cake ____________for me by her.(make)
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态
主语 + 情态动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
1. The work_____________ in a new way. (can, do)
2. This ____________ as soon as possible. ( must .do)
四、主动语态变为被动语态的基本步骤
1. 把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语（如是人称代词要由宾格变为主格）。
2. 谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。
3. 主动句中的主语变为由by引导的宾语（人称代词由主格变为宾格）。
4. 其他成分照抄。
Eg1. People speak English in England.
主语 谓语 宾语 其它成分
③ ② ① ④
English is spoken by people in England.
① ② ③ ④
1、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
Eg1. She gave me a book. (改为被动语态)
---I was given a book. (间接宾语改为主语)
---A book was given to me. (直接宾语改为主语)
2.动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
Eg1. We should speak to old men politely. (改为被动语态)
---Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)
3、带复合宾语的的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语仍保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
Eg1. I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. (改为被动语态)
---Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
4、在主动句中感官动词(feel/see/hear/watch/notice)和使役动词(let/make/have)后接省略to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，变为被动句时省略的to要重新加上去。
Eg1. He makes the girl stay at home. (改为被动语态)
---The girl is made to stay at home.
Eg2. Last Sunday we heard them sing Beijing Opera in the theater. (改为被动语态)
---They were heard to sing Beijing Opera in the theater last Sunday.

五、被动语态的特殊形式
have / get / make sth. done “使/让某事物被做”
Eg. I had my hair cut yesterday.
Eg. My bike is broken. I have to get it repaired.
六、以主动的形式表示被动的含义的情况：
1、一些表示事物感官特性的动词如: look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)当主语为物体时，一般用主动形式表示被动含义。
Eg1. The idea sounds interesting. 这个主意听起来有趣。
Eg2. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布料摸起来很软。
2、write, sell, wash, cut, drive, open, lock, read, clean, burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动。
Eg1. This kind of shirt sells well here.
Eg2. This pen writes smoothly.
Eg3. The car drives well.
3、want, need, require等词表“需要”时，后边可跟ing形式表被动，相当于to be done.
My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.

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了解被动语态的 用法
1.
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归纳几种时态的被动语态的基本结构
1.
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弄懂主动语态变为被动语态的基本步骤
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动词短语变为被动语态时应注意什么？

主动句中感官动词(和使役动词，变为被动句时省略的to如何处理？

记住被动语态的特殊形式
1.
2.

掌握以主动的形式表示被动的含义的情况：
1.
2.
3.
【展示点评】------ 我自信
具体要求：①看规范（书写、格式）②看对错。找出关键词，补充、完善。③点评内容，
讲方法规律。④面带微笑，全面展示自我。
【达标检测】——— 我能做
Task1.请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。
1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day.
The horses______ _____ ___ _____ the whole day.
2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake.
The twins ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ in the lake.
3.I saw a mouse run into the room.
A mouse _____ _____ ____ ____ into the room.
4.I often hear him sing English songs.
He ____ often _____ ____ ____ English songs.
5. Lily took care of the baby last night.
The baby _____ ______ ______ _____by Lily.
6. He showed her some pictures.
She _____ ________some pictures.
Some pictures ______ _______ ______her.
Task2. 单选
1. –George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. wasn’t invited B. haven’t invited
C. haven’t been invited D. didn’t invited
2. The baby now _____ by the nurse in the hospital.
A. looks after B. is looking after
C. is being looked after D. has looked after
3. I know he won’t come to the party unless he______.
A. will invite B. is invited C. will be invited D. invites
4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may not throw
5. — How often ___ your school sports meeting __?
— Once a week.
A. does, hold B. was, hold C. is , held D. did, hold
6. The village is building a school. I hope it ____before August this year.
A. finishes B. is finished C. will finished D. will be finished
7. The doctor looked over Peter carefully as soon as he ______to the hospital.
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
8. Many people are made ___what they’re not interested in.
A. to be done B. to do C. do D. doing
9. ---Do you like the skirt? ---Yes. It ___soft and comfortable.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
10. I ___________ yesterday. It was broken.
A. had my bike repair B. had my bike repairs
C. had my bike repaired D. has my bike repaired