英语学习21世纪大学新英语读写译教程文翻译.pptx

21,世纪大学新英语读写译教程,3,Unit 7,Honesty,Unit 7,Honesty,Proverbs and Quotations,If you tell the truth you dont have to remember anything.,Am.Mark Twain,若你讲实话，那你无需记住什么。,美,马克,吐温,Be true to your work,your word,and your friend.,Am.Henry David Thoreau,真心对待你的工作，你的言辞，和你的朋友。,美,亨利,大卫,梭罗,Integrity is telling myself the truth.And honesty is telling the truth to other people.,Am.Spencer Johnson,正直是告诉自己真相。而诚实是告诉他人真相。,美,斯宾塞,约翰逊,Outline,Teaching Objectives,Part 1 Lead-in,Part 2 Reading FocusText A,Part 3 Integrated Exercises,Part 4 Reading FocusText B,Part 5,Intranet Assignments,Teaching Objectives,To lie or not to lie,this is a question.On many occasions,many of us will give the negative answer.The reason is that we have been taught from childhood to firmly believe that honesty is the best policy.But in real life,we find that sometimes we can justify ourselves by telling white lies.In this unit,we are going to read two texts.Text A offers some ideas on what we should do when we confront this kind of situation.Text B tells about the authors personal experience of getting to know the most honest man in his life.,By learning this unit,students will be able to grasp the main idea and structure of the texts,master the key language points,new words,grammatical structures and translation skills.And students will also be able to improve their oral communication skills and reading competence through performing the relevant tasks.,Writing Focus in this unit looks at how to write notices.Through learning this part,students will know the structure and language style of notice writing and be able to write in correct forms.,Look at the picture and discuss with your partner the following questions.,Lead-in,1.What do you learn from the pictures?,2.How should parents teach their kids to be,honest?,3.Do you know any great peoples stories,about honesty?If yes,share your stories with your classmates.,Lead-in,B.Listening Practice,Listen to the short story about honesty.,Pre-listening Task,What will you do when a small lie will bring you all the good you desire or something beneficial,while a truth deprives you of all these?Why?,Lead-in,B.Listening Practice,Post-listening task,Answer the following questions.,1.When and where did the story happen?,2.What do we know about Bobby Lewis?,3.What did the man at the ticket counter say?,“Hey,Mister,did you just win the lottery or something?You could have saved yourself three bucks.You could have told me that the older one was six;I wouldnt have known the difference.”,_,_,_,A sunny Saturday afternoon in Oklahoma City.,_,He is a proud and honest father.,_,4.How much should the father pay to get the three into the golf,course?,5.Why does the father tell the man at the ticket counter that his,older son was seven?,$6.00.,_,Because the kids would have known if their father had not told the truth.,_,_,【,Script,】,【,Script,】,It was a sunny Saturday afternoon in Oklahoma City.My friend Bobby Lewis,a proud father,was taking his two little boys to play miniature golf.He walked up to the fellow at the ticket counter and said,“How much is it to get in?”,The young man replied,“$3.00 for you and$3.00 for any kid who is older than six.We let them in free if they are six or younger.How old are they?”,Bobby replied,“The lawyers three and the doctor is seven,so I guess I owe you$6.00.”,The man at the ticket counter said,“Hey,Mister,did you just win the lottery or something?You could have saved yourself three bucks.You could have told me that the older one was six;I wouldnt have known,the difference.”Bobby replied,“Yes,that may be true,but the kids would have known the difference.”,As Ralph Waldo Emerson said,“Who you are speaks so loudly I cant hear what youre saying.”In challenging times when ethics are more important than ever before,make sure you set a good example,for everyone you work and live with.,Reading Focus-,Text A,First Reading,Read the text and then answer the questions in the left margin.,Note 2Donald W.McCullough:,The president of San Francisco Theological Seminary and professor of theology and preaching.,White Lies,Hard Truths,1,Donald W.McCullough,2,Note 1,This article is adapted from,Say Please,Say Thank You,:,The Respect We Owe One Another.,Verna claims that I said her baby was ugly.I cant imagine being that,insensitive,but it was a long time ago and my memory isnt exact in these matters.I do recall,Verna holding up her new-born and saying,“Isnt she cute?”And I,seeing a little face,and being,committed,to complete honesty,must have said something like,“Well,she,really is a baby”.Or maybe,“It takes an infant a few months before she can really,be considered cute”.,1,Chinese,善意的谎言，严酷的真相,唐纳德,W,麦卡洛,Language Point,do recall:,“Do/did”is used to give emphasis to the main verb when there is no other auxiliary.,e.g.,Yes,I do remember you.,You did have the tape recorder with you.,Language Point,must have done sth.:,You use“must have”with a past participle to indicate that you believe that something,is the case,because of the available evidence.,e.g.,Judging from this,they must have been here a while ago.,He must have overslept;otherwise,he should be here now.,Chinese,薇娜声称我讲过她婴儿长得丑。我无法想象我说话居然如此不得体，但那是好久以前的事了，具体的事儿我已经记忆模糊了。我的确记得薇娜抱着她的新生儿说：“她可爱吗？”而我，看见一张小脸，觉得应该说大实话，肯定说了类似的话：“嗯，她其实还是个,婴儿”。或许说过，“婴儿都要过几个月后才可以真正称得上可爱”。,Lies are sometimes necessary.,What do we learn about,the consequence of the,truth the author says,about the baby in the,first two paragraphs?,2,Nearly 30 years have passed,but whenever I run into Verna she reminds me that,I called her baby ugly.I dont know her daughter;for all I know she became Miss,Universe,3,or perhaps my words,lodged,in her tiny,subconscious,and she has spent the,last 15 years in,psychoanalysis,4,working to overcome low,self-esteem,.In any event,I,now wish I had lied.It would have saved all of us a lot of grief.,Note 3Miss Universe:,Miss Universe is an annual international beauty contest run by the Miss Universe Organization.The contest was founded in 1952 by California clothing company Pacific Mills.The pageant became part of Kayser-Roth and then Gulf and Western Industries,before being acquired by Donald Trump in 1996.Alongside with its rival Miss World and Miss Earth contests,this pageant is one of the most publicized beauty contests in the world.,Note 4psychoanalysis:,A method of treating mental illness,originating with Sigmund Freud,in which a psychiatrist(analyst)helps a patient discover and confront the causes of the illness.Many psychiatrists believe that these causes are buried deep in the unconscious of the patient and can be brought to the surface through such techniques as hypnosis and the analysis of dreams.Psychoanalysis emphasizes that mental illness usually originates in repressed sexual desires or traumas in childhood.,Language Point,I now wish I had lied.It would have saved all of us a lot of grief.,In the two sentences“wish”and“would have saved”are used to express a will/wish or something you would do but did not do,so subjunctive mood is required,which means past tense or past perfect tense is used after“wish”,and past perfect tense after,“would”.,e.g.,I wish I could have the money and time to travel around the,world.(wish+past tense:meaning“I do not have the money and,time now”),I wish I had not missed that lecture.(wish+past participle:,meaning“I did not go to the lecture”),He would have attended the seminar,but he had an unexpected,visitor.,I would have done a better job than he did.,Chinese,将近三十年过去了，可我每次碰到薇娜，她都会说道，我曾说过她的孩子长得难看。我不认识她女儿；我只知她成了“环球小姐”，或许是我的话深深烙在她幼小的潜意识中，因而在过去的,15,年间，通过心理分析她努力克服自卑。无论怎样，我现在真的希望当初说了谎。谎言会减轻我的巨大的痛苦。,Occasionally,courtesy,calls for a lie.Let me stress that Im talking about,white,lies,5,.Even so,I realize Ive launched into very dangerous waters,with rocks and,rip,tides of tough,ethical,questions all around.,3,Note 5white lie:,An untruth told to spare feelings or from politeness,as in,She asked if I liked her dress,and of course I told a white lie.,This term uses,white,in the sense of,harmless,.,Chinese,有时，谦恭需要谎言。我强调一下，我说的是善意的谎言。即便如此，我意识到自己涉入了危险的水域，四周都是棘手的道德的暗礁与激浪。,Its difficult to talk about the importance of lying when lying is so widespread in,our society.Politicians lie to get elected,doctors lie on Medicare,6,reports,universities,lie about athletes,advertisers lie to sell products,ordinary citizens lie on income tax,returns,and yes,even,preachers,lie.We live in a market-driven society,and to make,the sale whether it be of a car or a candidate or a can of beer the truth gets pulled,and,stretched,past anything,resembling,reality.,7,4,Note 6Medicare:,A program under the U.S.Social Security Administration that reimburses hospitals and physicians for medical care provided to qualifying people over 65 years old.Medicare helps out people at a time in their lives when they may have serious health problems but lack the funding for treatment.,The program subsidizes people who meet one of the following criteria:,An individual over the age of 65 who has been a U.S.citizen or,permanent legal resident for five years.,An individual who is disabled and has collected Social Security for,a minimum of two years.,An individual who is undergoing dialysis for kidney failure or who,is in need of a kidney transplant.,An individual who has Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS-Lou,Gehrigs disease).,Note 7 whether it be of a car or a candidate or a can of beer the truth gets pulled and stretched past anything resembling reality:,The use of bare infinitive“be”is because of the subjunctive mood in the whether clause,“should”is omitted here.The whole sentence is“whether it should be of a car or a can of beer”.,e.g.,Whether she be right or wrong,she will have my support.,The latter half of the sentence can be paraphrased as“the truth,is distorted and it is no longer what it is”.,Medicare is divided into two parts.The first part of the coverage encompasses inpatient hospital,skilled nursing facility,home health and hospice care.The second part of coverage encompasses almost all the necessary medical services(doctors services,laboratory and x-ray services,wheelchairs,etc.).,Chinese,当说谎在我们的社会如此流行，那么谈论说谎的重要性就很难。政客们说谎得以当选，医生们在医疗保险报告里说谎，大学对运动员说谎，广告商在推销产品时说谎，普通市民在收入税退税上说谎，确实，甚至牧师也说谎我们生活在一个以市场为导向的社会里，要做一笔交易,无论推销的是一辆汽车，还是一个候选人，或是一罐啤酒,真相被曲解，事实被歪曲。,And yet,strangely,we also live in a tell-all culture.We have,elevated,the personal,confession,to an art form:supermodels,confess,insecurity about their bodies,movie,stars confess shyness,politicians confess frustration,and preachers confess sexual,wrongdoings.Its the Alcoholics Anonymous,8,approach out of,control:“Hi,my name,is Bill,and Im a recovering,alcoholic/gambler/overeater/sex addict/couch potato.”The,Twelve-Step program provides an excellent way to overcome a variety of addictions.,But there is a time and place for,psychological,stripping,;call me uptight and closed,down,but I dont think it should be in front of just anyone who will listen,not to,mention on national television or in supermarket magazines.,5,Note 8Alcoholics Anonymous:,An organization of alcoholics whose purpose is to stay sober and help others recover from the disease of alcoholism.Abbreviation:AA,A.A.,（,1935,年成立于美国俄亥俄州，总部设在纽约，成立目的在以酒鬼帮酒鬼的方式，鼓励酒瘾患者重建生活，目前在全球逾,140,个国家都有组织）,Language Point,super+n./a.:,“Super”is used before nouns to indicate that something is larger,better,or more advanced than similar things.It can also be used to form adjectives which indicate that something is at a higher level than something else.,e.g.,supercomputer/superhuman/superhero,supernormal/supernatural,Chinese,然而，奇怪的是，我们也生活在一个什么都可以公开的社会里。我们已把个人表白上升至一种艺术：超级模特儿承认对自己的身材有不安全感；影星们坦白会害羞；政客们表白有挫败感，牧师们供认性行为有失检点。这是“嗜酒者互戒会”的方法被使用得失控了。“嗨，大家好，我叫比尔，我正在从酗酒,/,赌博,/,过量饮食,/,性过度,/,沙发土豆中康复。”这个,十二步计划,提供了一个极好的方法来克服各种瘾疾。但是心理坦承应有个时间和地点性；无论你认为我是诚实的还是封闭的，但我认为这不该是谁想听就说给谁听，更不要说上全国电视节目或是上超市杂志了。,The app,roa,ch is out of,control.People confess,in inappropriate,place,and time.,What does the author,think of using the,Alcoholic Anonymous,approach in,dealing with,telling truth?,This sharing,unfortunately,has a way of spreading outward toward others,as if,my openness gives me the right to pull you out of whatever closet you are in.Its the,arent-you-glad-were-so-,psychologically-mature-that-we-can-be-completely-honest,manner of relating to others:,9,“Theresa,really,you have too much of an,inferiority,complex,about your figure;its not as bad as you think.”We did the same thing in,junior high school,but now that were more mature.Frankly,I would just as soon go,back to the good old days when a,put-down,was a put-down.,6,Note 9Its the arent-you-glad-were-so-psychologically-mature-that-we-can-be-completely-honest manner of relating to others:,This is a compound adjective formed by a sentence modifying the word“manner”.There are many such compounds,made of different words and phrases like:nuclear-weapon-free,hot-tempered,peaceloving,dog-eat-dog,quick-frozen etc.It is suggested that beginners not use this kind of long sentence as compound adjectives.,Language Point,share+n.:,“Share”is a very common verb.It can be followed by many nouns such as the following.,e.g.,share cost/an experience/a room/prize/task/story/opinions,share memories/knowledge/happiness/quality/feelings/personal,thoughts,Chinese,不幸的是，这种分享，是一种向外传播给他人的方式，似乎我的公开可以把你从任何一个密室中拉出来。这是一种与他人相处的办法：我们心理上非常成熟，我们完全诚实，你难道不高兴吗？我们会说：“特丽莎，真的，你对自己的身材太自卑了，它不像你想象的那么糟糕。”我们上初中时就这样了，但是现在我们更加成熟。坦白地说，我愿马上回到过去的好时光，那时人们实话实说。,How can we speak truthfully about lying in an environment torn between,deceitfulness,and,compulsive,confession?The ancient philosopher Aristotle may be of,help.He said that honesty was more than unloading everything to everyone.Rather,it,is speaking,the right truth to the right person at the right time in the right way for the,right reason.,7,Language Point,be of+n.:,“Be of+abstract nouns”functions as an adjective to indicate in a formal way a,characteristic or quality that someone or something has.Usually we can have some,adjectives to modify these abstract nouns,so this pattern is commonly seen:be of+no/,great/much/a little+abstract noun.,e.g.,These pieces of work are of great artistic value.,The websites will be of much help to you when you write your,term paper.,Chinese在一个欺骗和强迫性的坦白环境中，我们怎样才能真实地面对谎言？古代哲学家亚里斯多德也许可以助一臂之力。他说诚实不只是向任何人倾诉一切。相反它是：在适当的时间以合适的方式、合适的理由对合适的人说了合适的事。,Telling truth should be done to the right person at the right time,in the right way for the right person.,What is the authors,attitude towards telling,truth in the environment,torn between,deceitfulness and,compulsive confession?,Not every truth is mine to tell:a truth shared in confidence or a truth that would,needlessly hurt another is not mine to tell.Not every person has a right to know the,truth:some,willfully,distort,what they hear;some have,undiscriminating,tongues.Not,every time is appropriate for the truth:some seasons call for,tactful,silence.The day,your friends daughter dropped out of school is not the day to tell her that your daughter,made the,Honor Roll,.Not every way of,communication honors the