非谓语作状语复习讲义--高考英语复习.docx

非谓语作状语
一、解题步骤：
1、确定成分为状语2、根据答案，选择流程图中起点，即从状语从句的角度答题还是从非谓语的角度 答题；
3、按照流程图操作二、解题步骤流程图：
r从句（连词，谓语）状语1-动词不定式（目的状语，部分结果状语,原因状遗等）
J非谓语J2.分词（其它状语）[
1r 1. v—-3中语的主谓关系
l=^>t 2.时间或态分词做状语
主动被动一般或进行being done（进行）
（not） doing-done
强调完成做ingdone [:~~~having been done
动词不定式做状语
主动
被动
所表示的肘间或状态
To do
To be done
一般或将来
To be doing
/
进行
To have done
To have been done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
To have been doing
/
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前并进行着
备注：一、动词不定式与分词作结果状语的区别；
1. 动词不定式与句子无逗号分开；
2. 出现only, just时一定用动词不定式，逗号可有可无；
3. 动词不定式的语意通常表示“意料之外的结果”；
4. 分词作结果状语时，主语往往是前面一整句话的意思。
eg: （1）European footbal I is played in 80 countr ies, it the most popularsport in the worId.
A. making B. make C. made D. to make（2）He finally got to the stat i on the tra i n I eave.
A. finding B. to find C. having found D. found二、动词不定式作原因状语时可放在固定词组中记忆，这些词组中往往含有表示感情 或性格，品质的形容词，如：be pleased to do , be clever to do等。故操 作表格时动词不定式主要做目的和结果状语。原因状语不做考虑。
三、使用流程图解题：（使用流程图肘要充分利用答案提供的信息） 例一、 from the hill, and the city is very beautiful.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
答案中出现了谓语A和非谓语B、C、D,这就意味着要审题中是否缺谓语。这是 一道学生特容易做错的陷阱题。答案A。
例二、a gift for her mother, he saved every cent he earned.
A. To buy B. To be bought C. buying D. bought
答案出现动词不定式和分词，这就意味着首先要确定是什么状语，该题为目的状语，
故用动词不定式。Buy和he之间存在着主动的主谓关系，所以选A。 例三、(1) the cry for help, they rushed out of the house.
A. hearing B. having heard C. Being heard D. having been heard
(2) the homework, John was allowed to play football.
A. finishing B. having finished C. being finished D. Having been finished第一题的答案中只出现分词，故只须考虑分词做状语就行了。hear和lhey之间存在 主动的主谓关系，A和B项都为主动的分词形式，再作时间或状态分析。动作表示 紧密连接的，前面的动作用doing的形式。
但第二题中，完成家庭作业是出去玩的条件，所以强调完成，故用having done的形 式例四、, I will not go outing.
A. raining B. rained C. If it rained D. It raining答案中出现状语从句和非谓语，先考虑从句(盯紧连词和谓语时态)，结果rained的时 态用错了，应用rains;再考虑分词，首先rain和I之间没有任何的主谓关系，所以 前而所学的无法解决这个问题。但一个新的语法结构可解决此题——独立主格结构。 故选D。
独立主格结构 名词/代词主格 +1.分词不定式
2. 介词短语adj
3. adv.
6. n.
eg: (1). Miss Gao falling ill, Mr. Wang took her class instead.(n+ving)
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.(n+p.p)
(2) . The exam to be held tomorrow I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.(n+todo)
(3) . The children came running towards us, flowers in their hands.(n.+prep.phrasc)
(4) . Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes(being) wide open.(n+adj)
(5) . Our lessons (being) over, we went to play fbotbalL(n.+adv.)
(6) . He fought against the robber, a stick his only weapon.(n.+n.)
(7) . It being Sunday , I didn't go to school.
There being no buses , they walked to the theatre.
(being的逻辑主语是人称代词或there时,being不能省)4、独立成分，一直呈现-ing的形式
Judging, speaking, supposing, talking of, considering, including ,
eg: Generally speaking, girls arc more careful.
5、独立成分,一直呈现to-v形式：
To tell you the true, to make a long story short , to be true (当然) ，to be plain, to make matters worse, lb be frank with you, to concludc(总之)， to start with, to be honest, not to mention, let alone,
eg: To tell the truth, she is not honest in this matter.
6.on/upon+doing/动作性名词
On his arriving/ arrival7、(1) Ifthe same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
A. giving B. give C. given D. being given分析:If he is given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
常用的连词：when/while/ where/il7 once/unless/though/although/even if / even though/as/ than
(2) Before, you should stayed at the hotel.
A. informed B. being informed C. is informed D. having informedBefore, after是两个特殊的词；它们要么作连词连接•个完整的从句，要么作介词连接 动名词或名词。所以该题答案为B。