阅读理解技巧猜词市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语阅读理解技巧,新高中英语教学大纲明确要求：,侧重提升阅读能力,。纵观近几年高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考察重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增长趋势。能够毫不夸张地说，,做好阅读理解题是取得高考英语高分关键！,第1页,第1页,1 读材料,主旨和大意,，以及用以阐明主旨和大意,事实和细节,。,2 既理解,详细,事实，也理解,抽象,概念。,3 既理解,字面,意思，也理解,深层,含义，包括作者态度，意图等。,4 既理解,某句，某段,含义，也理解,全篇,逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5既能依据所,提供信息,去理解，也能结合,中学生,应有常识,去理解。,阅读理解能力测试主要要求是:,第2页,第2页,规律办法:在分清文体基础上,议论文:,找主题句(文章开头/中间/结尾),阐明文:,阐明什么道理/原理/事由,夹叙夹议文:,通过叙述阐明什么人生哲理,第3页,第3页,高考阅读理解常见题型,A.Guess the meaning,(,词 义 猜 测 型,),B.Main ideas,(主旨大意型）,C.Inference&judgment,（,推 理 判 断 型,）,D.Details,(,事实细节型,),第4页,第4页,一,猜想词义题,：,单词猜想能力是阅读理解能力主要构成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应当掌握一项阅读技能列入试题，考核对文中,关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）,理解。并且，,所考察词或短语意义往往不断留在字面上，要依据语境来判断。,第5页,第5页,常见问题形式有,1)According to the author,the word“”,means,_.,The word “”,most likely means,_.,The word “”in Line.,probably means,By the word “”,the author means,_.,In Line.,the word “”,refers to,_.,Which of the following,is nearest/closest in meaning to,“”?,7)In Line,the word “”,could best be replaced by,which of the following?,第6页,第6页,规律办法:,在通读过程碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。另外，我们也能够通过,构词法,知识分析生词词义，或通过,上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等,猜想，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读通。还能够联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写办法与该生词类似词。,第7页,第7页,1.,依据上下文。,according to the context clues,【例1】,All his attempts to unlock the door was,futile,because he was using the wrong key.,A.成功 B.徒劳,C.有效 D.匆促,第8页,第8页,【例2】,The,herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.,2.定义解释法,definition and explanation,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由means,is,or，that is(to say),in other words，be called，be known as,be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,【解】,“,牧人,”,第9页,第9页,【例,3,】,Children often try to,imitate,or copy the behavior that they see on television.,【解】“,仿效,”,3 同义词,synonym,第10页,第10页,【例,4】Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite,sedate,.,A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic,4.反义词,antonym,第11页,第11页,【例5】,Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however，we feel that they are,intricate,and hard to solve,【解】“,复杂,”,5.比较，对比，,Comparison and Contrast,第12页,第12页,【例6】,With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and,unconditional,love,dogs can provide the,nonjudgmental,listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,(NMET,),unconditional:,nonjudgmental:,无条件，绝正确,没有判断力,6.依据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,第13页,第13页,办法指导,第14页,第14页,二,主旨大意题：,这类 试题要求对,文章整体或局部,（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分,中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），,判断作者,写作目的（purpose）,等，旨在考察考生加工与浓缩信息能力。,这一项考察是文章灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章主旨大意。普通主旨大意常出现在文章开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更主要是从全文去把握。,第15页,第15页,1)What does the writer,mainly,tell us?,2)Which of the following can,summar-,ize,the main idea,of this text?,3)Which of the following,best expresses the main idea?,4)Which is the,subject,discussed,in the text?,6)Whats,the best title for this passage?,常见问题形式有,第16页,第16页,如何做主旨大意题,1,.,要弄清是问,某一段,还是,全文,大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章主题。,2.如有标题，标题中蕴含信息往往是关键信息。,3.找到中心句。,4.任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开，因此，许多文章中最明显特点之一是有一个重复出现中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章中心。,第17页,第17页,How to find the topic sentence?,第18页,第18页,Example 1,People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.,第19页,第19页,Q:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A.Some people like steak and others red meat.B.Vegetables are very healthy for you.C.How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D.Different people have different tastes in food.,（1）主题句在段首,一个主题句经常是一个段落开头，其后句子则是论证性细节。,第20页,第20页,Example2,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,(2),主题句也会出现在段尾,作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落主题。,第21页,第21页,Example 3,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night,if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a,child who is afraid of the darkIn fact,the modern,flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.,A,camper also needs one after the light of,the campfire has been out.,(,3),在短文中间,主题句也能够安排在段中间,此时前面只提出问题，文中主题由其后陈说细节或合乎逻辑引申在文中导出,然后再作进一步解释,支持或发展.,_,_,第22页,第22页,三、,推理判断题：,技巧,：,找出作者所陈说细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩词语，进行符合逻辑推理。,注意,不能以自己观点代替作者观点,解推断题最主要办法是,依据词义关系推断详细细节。,第23页,第23页,常见问题形式有：,(1)It can be inferred from the text that _.,(2)From the text we know that _.,(3)The story implies that _.,(4)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.,(5)The writers attitude towardis _.,第24页,第24页,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,，,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches,（蟑螂）,and two spiders,（蜘蛛）,.”,“,What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.,“,Well,，,”replied the man,，,“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,第25页,第25页,Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was _,.,A.very clean,B.just cleaned by the landlord,C.tidy and comfortable,D.dirty and full of insects,第26页,第26页,四、事实细节题:,主要考察学生 对阅读材料中 某一特定细节或文章主要事实理解能力,问题主要包括问询,人,(who)、,物,(what)、,时间,(when)、,地点,(where)、,原因,(cause)、,结果,(effect)、文中,数据,(data)等。新闻、阐明文、广告信息等经常考详细细节。,第27页,第27页,1）Which of the following statement is true?,2）Which of the following,is not mentioned,in the text?,3）The author(or the passage),states,that_.,4）,According to,the passage,when(,where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,常见问题形式有：,第28页,第28页,细节理解应注意问题：,1）相应性,：,2）准确性：,3）区别性：,正确答案应与文中细节一一相应,这类题更多地倾向于将题目中信息与原文相关细节信息进行语义上转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯错误是未注意到,转换准确性,，经常将,细节信息中范围、程度、语义色彩,等改变，从而造成错误。,有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离手段，比如给出与原文中一模同样字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思考地选定答案，而事实上选项中字眼与文中相同字眼压根就不是相应同一事情,第29页,第29页,选择正确答案：,1.The teacher told his students to do the second and the third exercises,but they should leave the first exercise out.,How many exercises should the students do?,One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Zero.,2.Jean and Mary asked Della to go out for a walk,but she didnt want to.,Who probably did not go out?,A.Jean.B.Mary.C.Della.D.Jean and Mary,.,第30页,第30页,其它类型题目：,理解作者观点和态度题,：,既考察学生对字面意思理解，也考察学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等理解。,考题主要形式:,(1)The writers purpose in writing this story is,(2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that,规律办法：,正确理解作者写作意图，所持观点及阐述文章主题时语调或他对所叙述对象态度。,-假如你是作者，你为何要写本文？,第31页,第31页,小技巧：辨认三种作者使用表示情感、态度及观点词汇，以及承接上下文连接词。,表示贬义,：,disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment.,表示褒义,:,positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring,表示中立,:,indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,disinterested,disinterest.,第32页,第32页,六 理解文章基本结构,阐明文基本结构,：,Descriptive writing,Definition,(,Introduction,),Description,(Explanation),Example,Comparison,Classification,Conclusion,第33页,第33页,议论文基本结构,(Argumentation),Topic,(Opinion),Arguments,(Supporting sentences),facts,examples,theory,conclusion,论点,论据,结论,第34页,第34页记叙文基本结构,：,（Narrative writings),Story presentation,Time clues,Inverted time clues,Ending,(surprising/humourous way,(account),第35页,第35页,夹叙夹议文基本结构,：,Story presentation,conclusion,opinion,advice,significance,第36页,第36页,视幅较小：一目一词，甚至逐词逐字，逐一字母地看,过多地回视：每读几句又回过头来看一遍,不好朗读习惯,读读停停,其它不良习惯：精力不集中，窜行，用手或笔一个个指着要读字母，摇头晃脑，腿脚颤抖,1.不良阅读习惯表现,第37页,第37页,培养良好阅读习惯,1、按意群阅读，扩大视幅。比如,：,When the Judge had finished/what he was saying/Mrs Young opened her handbag she was carrying/and took out the sewing.Without saying a word/she chose a needle with a very small eye/and threaded it at her first try,.,2、阅读时少用或不用词典。,3、理解英语语言国家文化背景知识,第38页,第38页,4、养成默读习惯，使注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。,5、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，由于这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使取得信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中关键词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。,第39页,第39页,Good-bye,第40页,第40页,