高一英语Module-1-Friendship-(II)-人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语Module 1 Friendship (II) 人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Module 1 Friendship (II)

二. 重点语法讲解
本单元语法——直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语的运用贯穿了整个高中教材，具有很强的交际功能，常与动词的时态和语态结合起来考查。
直接引语就是一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分必须放在引号中，其位置常放在句尾或句首。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分不必用引号，一般用宾语从句表达。
下面从如何把直接引语转化为间接引语方面来谈谈其用法和需要注意的问题。
（一）需要注意的几种变化
1. 人称的变化 直接引语中的人称要根据间接引语中的主语来做适当的变化。
a）She said, “I like singing English songs very much.” 她说：“我非常喜欢唱英文歌曲。”
→She said (that) she liked singing English songs very much. 她说她非常喜欢唱英文歌。
b）He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书忘在你的房间了。”
→He told me (that) he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我的房间了。
2. 时态的变化
在间接引语中，如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
直接引语
间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this →that
these→those

now → then
today → that day
next week → the next week
last month → the month before
yesterday → the day before
tomorrow → the next(following) day
two days ago → two days before

here → there
this place →that place

come →go
bring → take

（二）直接引语改为间接引语的运用
在下列各句的转变过程中，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），谓语动词用said或say。
1）She often says, “China is great.” → She often says (that) China is great.
2）The teacher said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.”
→The teacher said he would give us an exam the next day.
2. 感叹句
直接引语如果是感叹句，变为间接引语时，改为宾语从句且感叹号变成句号。
3）“How interesting the story is!”the boy says.
→The boy remarks with admiration (that) the story is interesting.
3. 祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，如果是带please的祈使句，则用ask sb. to do sth.结构；如果是表示命令的祈使句，则用tell / order sb. to do sth.结构；如果祈使句为否定式，则要用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.结构。
4）The mother said to her son, “Please close the door.”
→The mother asked her son to close the door.
5）The teacher said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys and girls.”
→The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise.
6）He said to me, “Bring your dictionary here.”
→He told me to take my dictionary there.
4. 一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。
7）She said, “Are you interested in English?”
→She asked me if / whether I was interested in English.
8）Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?”
→Jack asked (me) whether / if I had seen Wei Fang the night before.
5. 特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序。
9）He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?”
→He asked me where I had bought the pen.
10）She said to Li Ping, “When will you fly to Hangzhou?”
→She asked Li Ping when he would fly to Hangzhou.
6. 选择疑问句
直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用if / whether … or …结构。
11）Andrews said, “Will you go shopping or play basketball this afternoon?
→Andrews asked me if / whether I would go shopping or play basketball this afternoon.
7. 反意疑问句
直接引语如果是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用whether … or not结构，不能用if … or not结构。
12）“You are doing your homework, aren’t you?”she said to me.
→She asked me whether I was doing my homework or not.

（三）直接引语变为间接引语时需注意的几个问题
1. 陈述句中的直接引语若为劝告用语时，常变为advise sb. (not) to do sth.形式。
13） “You should go back home at once.” he said to me.
→He advised me to go back home at once.
14）My wife said, “You’d better not smoke.”
→My wife advised me not to smoke.
2. 当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。
15）The physics teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The physics teacher said (that) light travels much faster than sound.
3. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果动作发生的时间还没有过去，则时间状语可不变；如果直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，改为间接引语后保持原来的一般过去时态；如果动作发生的地点没变，则地点状语可不变。
16）The headmaster said, “We’ll hold a meeting tonight.”
→The headmaster said (that) we / they would hold a meeting tonight.
17）The girl said, “My brother joined the army in 2003.”
→The girl said (that) her brother joined the army in 2003.
18）The guests said, “We’ll have supper here.”
→The guests said they would have supper here.
4. 直接引语为虚拟语气时，则保持原来的时态不变。
19）My father said, “It is time that we had lunch.”
→My father said it was time that we had lunch.

【模拟试题】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
2. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon?
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
3. He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if
C. asked whether D. said that whether
4. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid
D. how much did I pay
5. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise. (北京2003)
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
6. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
7. He asked the boy where _______.
A. his mother was B. was his mother
C. his mother is D. is his mother
8. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once.
A. had had B. had C. had been D. was
9. The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
10. The actor said he _______ born in 1984.
A. was B. is C. be D. had been
11. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
A. bring B. brought C. bringing D. to bring
12. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.
A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing
13. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?
A. Do you know how B. Why do you know
C. How you know why D. Do you know why
14. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?
A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how
15. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.
A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go
16. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.
A. that the moon goes B. that the moon went
C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went
17. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.
A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take
18. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was
C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is
19. Mary’s mother asked her _____.
A. that whether she had finished her homework
B. if she has finished her homework
C. if she had finished her homework
D. that if she had finished her homework
20. Do you know ____?
A. what is he doing B. what he doing
C. what he is doing D. what does he do now
21. I don’t know ____ to learn English.
A. when did he begin B. when he began
C. he when began D. when he begins
22. He asked me ____.
A. how would the weather be like tomorrow
B. what the weather would be like the next day
C. how the weather would be like tomorrow
D. what would the weather be like the next day
23. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.
A. how excited they were B. how excited were they
C. how they were excited D. they were how excited
24. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.
A. had been seen off B. have seen off
C. have been seen off D. had seen off
25. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?
A. had you been B. did you go
C. have you been D. you have been
26. Can you guess ____?
A. what is that man B. who that man is
C. whom that man is D. who is that man
27. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____.
A. how important the foreign language are
B. how the foreign language is important
C. how important the foreign language is
D. how important is the foreign language
28. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.
A. was; had B. was; had had
C. is; have D. is; have had
29. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report
A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not
30. I wonder how much _____.
A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car
C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car

II. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。
1. Mr. stone said “May I have a cup of tea?”
Mr. stone ______________________.
2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.”
The nurse ______________________.
3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.”
My uncle _______________________.
4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?”
John asked Mary ________________.
5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The teacher said that _____________.
6. The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation.
_______________________________.
7. She asked me to open the door.
_______________________________.
8. My mother advised me to have a good rest.
_______________________________.
9. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens.
_______________________________.
10. He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then.
_____________________________

【试题答案】
I. 1—5 BDACD 6—10 CABDA 11—15 DBDAB
16—20CDBCC 21—25BBAAD
26—30 BCACC

II. 1. Mr. stone asked if / whether he might have a cup of tea.
2. The nurse suggested (that) the children (should) wash their hands themselves.
3. My uncle told us not to open the window.
4. John asked Mary what she knew about the sea.
5. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6. The teacher said, “Be careful with your pronunciation, Tom.”
7. “Would you please open the door?” she asked.
8. “Why not have a good rest?” my mother said to me.
9. “When will you leave Athens?” Peter asked me.
10. He asked me, “How are you getting along with your studies now? ”