比较级和最高级名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

Reading Fun,Sub topics go here,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,形容词、副词及其比较级、最高级,第1页,1.,形容词修饰与位置,普通来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀“,ly”,往往是副词，但有以“,ly,”,结尾词是,形容词,而不是副词，这点要注意；,形容词普通能够在句子中做定语，表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做,表语,和只能做,前置定语,，这些,形容词,在修饰时有一定特殊性。,第2页,1.1,以,-ly,结尾是形容词而不是副词,costly,昂贵,lonely,孤独,deadly,死普通,lively,活泼,friendly,友好,silly,傻气,kindly,热心肠,likely,可能,leisurely,悠闲,ugly,长得丑,brotherly,弟兄般,monthly,每个月,earthly,尘世,第3页,1.2,以“,a”,开头很多形容词只能做表语,afraid,害怕,alike,相象,awake,醒着,alone,单独，惟一,alive,活着,ashamed,惭愧,asleep,睡着,aware,意识到、觉察到,well,健康,content,满意,unable,无能,第4页,1.3,只作前置定语形容词,earthen,泥土做,daily,每日,latter,后面,golden,金子般,inner,里面,little,小,silken,丝普通,outer,外面,live,活,wooden,木制,yearly,每年,elder,年长,woolen,毛,former,前任,mere,仅,only,惟一,sheer,纯粹,very,恰好,monthly,每个月,weekly,每七天,第5页,1.4,以下动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语,:,remain,，,keep,，,become,get,grow,go,come,turn,stay,stand,run,prove,seem,appear,look,如：,It seems great to do so.,第6页,2.,形容词与副词 比较级与最高级,2.1,做比较级题目时，学生应把握：,1,）形容词和副词比较级形式是否,和比较连词对应出现,，即是否符合,原级比较,及,比较级,结构,。,第7页,Do you enjoy listening to records?I find records are often _,or better than an actual performance.,A as good as B as good,C good D good as,在这里,as good as,比较连词,与,better than,比较连词,同时出现时候，,不能省略任何一个介词,。答案为,A,第8页,2),比较成份是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比较要含有,可比性,。,The number of registered participants in this years marathon was half _.A of last years B those of last years C of those of last year,D that of last years,第9页,（前后相比应该是今年和去年注册参加人数,“,the number of”,故代替它应该是单数指示代词,“,that”,，而不能选择,B,，,those,是指代,participants,，不是同类对比，答案为,D,。,第10页,3),比较级与倍数词关系及其位置,原级结构中可插入表示倍数词，表示为“为,.,若干倍”,当与有表示倍数比较词在一起时候等，他们位置是，,倍数词,+asas,或,倍数词,+morethan,，但,again,普通放在原级词之后，即,“,as+,原级,again+as,”.,如,第11页,Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year _ than automobile accidents.A seven more times,B seven times more,C over seven times,D seven times,第12页,“,Do you regret paying_ as five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No,I would gladly have paid for it.”,A twice so much,B twice as much,C as much twice,D so much twice,第13页,4,）以下词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：,inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefer to,superior,major,junior,preferable,differ from,compared,with,in comparison with,different from,rather than.,第14页,如,:,Their watch is _ to all the other watches on the market.,A superior,B advantageous,C super,D beneficial,第15页,5,）“,比较级,and+,比较级,”或“,more and more/less and less+,原级,”以及“,ever,steadily,daily,等副词比较级,”结构表示“,越来越,”,意思，与这类结构搭配惯用动词有,grow,get,become,等。,前面两种情况更多地出现在,进行时态,中，注意是这三种情况引导比较级后面都,不需要用,than,.,如：,第16页,Things,are getting worse and worse,.,As I spoke to him he,became less and less angry.,Her health,was becoming daily worse,.,The road,got ever worse,until there was no road at all=the road,got worse and worse.,第17页,6),比较级前面能够用,even,still,yet,all the(more),等修饰语用以,加强语气,，表示“,愈加,”意思。如：,Today it is,even colder than,yesterday.I have,yet more exciting,news for you.,第18页,7),相关比较级特殊句型：,A):not so much as,需要注意：,从结构上来看，,notso much as,能够有两种结构：,not A so much as B,或,not so much A as B;,从意思来看，该句型基本含义为,:“,与其说,A,倒不如说,B”,或者“是,B,，而不是,A”,。但在实际翻译中十分灵活。,A,和,B,两个被比较平行结构，如：同为介词短语、动词不定式、名词短语或其它平行结构。,第19页,The conveniences that American desire reflect,not so much,a leisurely lifestyle,as,a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.,此处平行结构是两个名词短语：,a leisurely lifestyle,和,a busy lifestyle,，二者都作,reflect,宾语。,译文：美国人所渴望种种便利设施，与其说是反应了一个休闲生活方式，倒不如说是反应了一个忙碌生活方式，正因为忙碌，所以每分钟都很宝贵而不容浪费。,第20页,The great use of a school education is,not so much,to teach you things,as,to teach you the art of learning.,评析：这里被比较是两个不定式：,to teach you things,和,to teach you the art of learning.,译文：学校教育伟大作用不在于教会你多少东西，而在于教会你学习技巧。,第21页,The great thing in this world is,not so much,where we stand,as,in what direction we are moving.,人生意义不在于你当前身在何处，而在于你心向何方。,He does not respect learning and prefers“sport”.The problem set for society is,not,the virtue of the type,so much as,its adequacy for its function.,他不重视学习，只喜欢“消遣”。社会要回答问题并不是这类人物有没有美德，而是他是否胜任其职务。,第22页,B)no/not any morethan,二者一样都不,如：,The heart is _ intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.A not so B not much,C much more D no more,心脏和胃二者都不含有智力，他们都受大脑控制。,答案为,D,第23页,no/not any lessthan,二者一样,都,注意基本上与,no/not any morethan,意思相反,如：,She is,no less beautiful than,her sister.,她和她姐姐一样漂亮,第24页,（,just,）,as,，,so,正如,，,也,（用倒装结构）,Just as the soil is a part of the earth,_ the atmosphere.A as it is B the same is,C so is D and so is,第25页,Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun,so no lies can cover up the fact.,乌云遮不住太阳，谎言掩盖不了事实。,Just as food nourishes the body,so do books enrich the mind.,食物滋养身体，书本丰富心灵。,第26页,Just,也能够省去，比如，,As,you sow,so,will you reap/so you will reap.,种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。,As,land is improved by sowing it with various seeds,so,is the mind by exercising it with different studies.,土壤因播种不一样种子而改良，智力用各科学习来提升。,第27页,E),more A than B,与其说是,B,不如说是,A,less A than B,与其说是,A,不如说是,B,如,:,It is even more a picture than a poem.,这与其说是一首诗，倒不如说是一幅画。,It is less a picture than a poem.,这与其说是幅画，倒不如说是首诗。,第28页,F),用作前置修饰语,more than,，,less than,no more than/nothing more than,如：,We will be,more than happy,(=very happy)to help you.,我们会很高兴帮助你。,The children were,less than happy,about having a party.,孩子们对举行聚会并不那么开心。,第29页,He is,no more than,a child.,他不过是个孩子。,He was regarded as,nothing more than(=only),an amateur.,他仅仅被看作业余兴趣者。,第30页,2.2,比较范围,1,）最高级比较范围用介词,in,over,of,among,。,in,(all)over,用于在,某一范围内,比较，如：,in China,all over the world.,of,among,用于在,同一群体内同类事物,比较，如：,among the teachers,of the four dresses.,第31页,如：,_ all visible lights,red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.,A Among,B Of,C For,D To,第32页,2),比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象范围应用：,any other+,单数名词,other+,复数名词,the others anyone/anything else,上述词是用于将比较级结构转变成最高级意义关键词语，切不可遗漏，尤其是,other,，不然会造成逻辑混乱错误。如不能说：,John runs faster than anyone.,注意与汉语表示不一样。,第33页,3,）,most,能够用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于,very,，使用方法区分单复数，但不能用定冠词,the,如：,a most interesting book,，,most expensive restaurants,要注意,与“,the+,形容词最高级,of+,名词”,结构表示最高级,区分,第34页,He spoke in,the warmest of,voices,.,They have been,most kind,to me.,Basketball is,the most popular of,sports,in this country.,Chinese is,the most difficult of language,.Chinese is,a most difficult language,.,第35页,3,不用比较级和最高级 形容词,3.1,表示,颜色,有：,white,black,3.2,表示,形态,有：,round,square,oval,circular,triangular(,三角形,),，,level,3.3,表示,性质和特征,有：,atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden,silvery,woolen,earthen,silent,full,empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind,lame,rainy,第36页,3.4,表示,状态作表语,有：,afraid,asleep,alive,ashamed,alone,aware,alike,3.5,表示,时间、空间和方位,有：,daily,weekly,monthly,annual,present,front,back,forward,backward,east,west,south,north,left,right,final,第37页,3.6.,表示,极限、主次、等级,有：,maximum,minimum,utmost,main,major,chief,，,minor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite,3.7,含有,绝对概念,有：,absolute,entire,whole,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete.,第38页,4.,平行结构与比较级,平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词比较级或者暗含比较意味连词引导。如：,The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and,enjoys,it almost,as much as,the composer,does,at the moment he composes.,评析：此处,does,代替,enjoys,表示对音乐观赏，,as much as,表示“同等程度上”,译文：一个真正懂音乐听众应该是在听音乐时，既置身于音乐其中，又可游离于音乐之外，他对音乐观赏程度，几乎等同于作曲家本人在创作该曲子时观赏程度。,第39页,大多数情况下平行结构都是含有一定比较含义,有是,递进对比,:,not onlybut(also);preferto;rather than,有是,同类对比：,and;but,；,or,；,both and,；,eitheror;neithernor,.,第40页,平行结构测试时候注意以下几点：,4.1,注意比较结构中相比较内容在语法形式上是否相同。如：,It is better to die ones feet than _.A living on ones knees,B live on ones knees C on ones knees,D to live on ones knees,第41页,4.2,其它含有并列或比较意义短语也可引导平行结构,1,）,rather than,let alone,虽不是并列连词，但在结构上,连接两个语法形式,相同成份。,如：,We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style_ in a personal style.A rather than B other than,C better than D less than,第42页,For the new country to survive,_ for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.A to name a few,B let alone,C not to speak,D lets say,第43页,2,）假如平行两个成份在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，普通说来第二个介词不要省略。,如：,At times,more care goes,into,the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than,into,the writing of the features and editorials.,第44页,Exercise,1.The little man was _ more than one meter fifty tall.,（,1995-1-49,）（,1997-1-36,）,A.nearly,B.quite,C.hardly,D.almost,第45页,2.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think _ would be getting sick.,（,1998-1-41,）,A.a lot of more us,B.more a lot of us,C.a lot of us more,D.a lot more of us,第46页,3.Indeed,almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject,_ extensively outside of it.(1993,年,1,月六级题）,A.much more to read,B.much less to read,C.much less reading,D.still more reading,第47页,4.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous,statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.(,年考研题,),A.everything except,B.anything but,C.no less than,D.nothing more than,第48页,5.The population of many Alaska cities has _ doubled in the past three years.(,托福题,),A.larger than,B.more than,C.as great as,D.as many as,第49页,答案,1.C,那个小个子男人仅仅只有一米五高。,“,hardly more than”,意为“仅仅,”,2.D,假如自来水真像一些人所想那样危险,我们当中早就有更多人生病了。,a lot,much,far,even,等表程度副词以及一些表示数量词修饰形容词或副词比较级时，应该在比较级前面。,3.B,实际上，几乎全部科学家都发觉，现在连与自己学科相关著作都读不完，更不用说去广泛阅读自己学科之外东西了。,much less,或,still less,用于否定句中，其意为“,更不用说，何况,”,第50页,4.D,在大量形形色色观众中，每一个个体电视观众都感到自己不过是其中一个匿名部分。从统计角度来看，不过是微不足道一部分。,nothing more than“,仅仅，不过”,5.B,在过去三年中，阿拉斯加许多城市人口已经翻了一番多。,第51页,B,reak Time,第52页,