(十二)句子的类型Ⅱ-复合句.docx

（十二）句子的类型Ⅱ
复合句
01 命题趋势 考标导向化
近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。预计2015年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。
02 定义 概念清晰化
1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
❶宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语
分类图解

用法
例句
当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时，用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。
He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.
He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。
She asked me if/whether she could join us.
He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。
Do you know who broke the door?
She asked me whose pen that was.

特例清单
1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。
She is worried about whether it is true.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。
2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如：
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。
4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如：
“Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children.
→She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。
5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。
6.直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表：

【题组训练】
( )1.(2014·金华)—Jimmy，the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming.Do you know ______ the first match will be on?
—On June 13th.
A.how B.where C.why D.when
( )2.(2014·安徽)—It’s so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?
—But I don’t know ________ I can do it if not now.
A.why B.when C.how D.where
( )3.(2014·昆明)—Excuse me，could you please tell me _____?
—Yes，there is a history museum.
A.how often do you go to the history museum
Bare there any good museums in Kunming
C.how long it takes to get to the history museum
D.if there are any good museums in Kunming
( )4.(2014·镇江)—Granny，the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.
—Oh，could you tell me ________?
A.how did you go to the park
B.what you did in the trip
C.that you saw something beautiful
D.if your friends had played with you
( )5.(2014·十堰)—Could you please tell me_______ ?
—Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.
A.where is Mount Wudang
B.how can I get to Wulong River
C.what is Shennongjia famous for
D.if there will be a new airport in Shiyan
❷状语从句
分类图解

分类
连接词
例句
时间状
语从句
when/while/as, before,after,
since,until,as soon as
She was cooking when someone knocked at the door.
He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin.
I didn’t go to bed until she came back.
条件状
语从句
if,as long as,unless
I’ll go to see you if I have time.
They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday
原因状
语从句
because,since,as,for
He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late.
We should study hard since we are students.
目的状
语从句
so that,in order that
Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
结果状
语从句
so that,so…that/such…that
It’s so hot that we want to go swimming.
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.
让步状
语从句
though/although,even,if
Although it’s raining hard,they are still working hard in the field.
比较状
语从句
than,as…as,not as/so…as
He ran as fast as Mike.

【题组训练】
( )6.(2014·重庆)I’d like to have a try，_____ I may fail.
A.since B.though C.until D.after
( )7.(2014·杭州)In summer milk will quickly go bad ____ it is put into a fridge.
A.though B.unless C.because D.once
( )8.(2014·德州)—Are you going out，Mike?It’s really late now.
—It’s the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil，_______ I must go now.
A.if B.or C.so D.though
( )9.(2014·济宁)Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_____ I could stop her.
A.until B.after C.before D.unless
( )10.(2014·广州)Mum says __ I do my homework now，I can watch TV for an hour tonight.
A.if B.though
C.because D.while
❸定语从句
分类图解

分类
引导词
例句
关系
代词
who,
whom,
which,
that,
whose
The man who is working there is my brother.
This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday.
The room whose window is open is mine.
关系
副词
when,
where,
why
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.
This is the school where my mother works.

特例清单
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。如：
Is there anything that I can do for you?我能为你做点什么吗？
(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”。如：
Tom told her mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。如：
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？
【题组训练】
( )11.(2014·随州)—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the book _____ you lent me yesterday.
A.what B.who C.when D.不填
( )12.(2014·河南)“Underground” is the only word in the English language _____- begins and ends with the letters “und”.
A.what B.that C.who D .whom
( )13.(2014·黄石)First Lady Peng Liyuan was watering the flowers ______ were named “Cathy” with Dutch Queen Maxima.
A.what B.which C.who D.whose
( )14.(2014·东营)When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York，the people _____ lived nearby called the police.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
( )15.(2014·黄冈)—In a text message，88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F ______stands for face to face.
A.that B.who C.whom D.it
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.—Do you know if our team _____ the match tonight?
—It is hard to say.I will tell you the result if our team____ .
A.wins;wins B.will win;will win
C.wins;will win D.will win;wins
( )2.—I believe _______ Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day.
—I agree with you.But I’m not sure _______ we can live on it.
A.that;if B.that;that
C.if;that D.if;if
( )3.—Are you sure _____ Li Ming has flown to London?
—Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now.
A.that B.if
C.whether D.when
( )4.—I’m worried about _____ I can pass the English exam.
—Don’t worry.I’m sure _______ you will pass it.
A.if;that B.whether;that
C.that;if D.that;whether
( )5.—Doctor,could you tell me______ ?
—Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon.
A.that there was anything wrong with my son
B.if there was anything wrong with my son
C.that there is anything with my son
D.if there is anything wrong with my son
( )6.—Have you decided _____ you’ll go to Hainan?
—Not yet. Maybe by plane.
A.when B.how
C.where D.whether
( )7.—What did Jack ask you about just now?
—He asked me how long ____ when I reached the cinema.
A.had the film been on B.the film had started
C.the film had been on D.had the film ended
( )8.—Could you tell me______ ?
—An engineer.He works in a computer company.
A.who your father is
B.where your father was
C.what is your father
D.what your father is
( )9.—Hello,everyone!Can I join you?
—Sure,we are talking about _________.
A.when shall we go to the cinema
B.how can we get there
C.who should we go with
D.how we can organize the farewell party well
( )10.—I hear that a famous doctor will come to our company.
—Do you know_________?
A.when will he give a talk
B.when he will arrive
C.what will he talk about
D.how will he come
( )11.—Could you tell us how long ________?
—About three days.
A.does the sports meeting last
B.the sports meeting will last
C.did the sports meeting last
D.will the sports meeting last
( )12.Alen wanted to know ______ after it got out of the UFO.
A.what is the alien doing
B.what the alien would do
C.where would the alien go
D.where the alien is going
( )13. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?

--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that  B. what; what 
C. which; which  D. that; that 
( )14.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which  B. which; when 
C. what; that D. on which; when )15.The letter is from my sister____is working in 
Beijing.
A. which B. whenC. whom D. who ( )16.He talked a lot about things and persons ________
they remembered in the school.
A. which  B. that  C. whom  D. what
( )17.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where  B. to which  C. which  D. in which
( )18. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
( )19. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
( ) 20. ___ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except
( ) 21. ___ there were only five soldiers left at the front, ___ they went on fighting.
A. Because; so B. If; and C. Though; but D. Though; /
( )22. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ___ all the class may hear.
A. so, that B. or C. in order that D. and
( )23. —Excuse me Could you wake me up when my friend____ here?
—Of course. But we still don't know when your friend _____ here.
A. comes; will come B. comes； comes
C. will come; comes D. will come； will come
( )24. — If our government _____attention to controlling food safety now, our health _____in danger.
A. won't pay, is B. doesn't pay, is
C. won't pay, will be D. doesn't pay, will be
( ) 25 Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou.
A. as; than B. so; as C. even; than D. /; than

参考答案：
(十二)句子的类型Ⅱ复合句
题组训练
1—5DBDBD6—10BBCCA11—15DBBAA
整合集训
1—5DAABD 6—10BCDDB 11—15BBAAD
16—20BCAAC 21—25DCADB