Book 1 Unit 5.doc

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．generous /′dʒenərəs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的
2．found /faʊnd/ vt.建立；建设
3．principle /′prInsəpl/ n．法则；原理；原则
4．guidance /′ɡaIdəns/ n．指导；领导
5．hopeful /′həʊpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的
6．vote /vəʊt/ v．& n．投票，选举
7．attack /ə′tæk/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击
8．escape /I′skeIp/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露
9．relative /′relətIv/ n．亲戚，亲属
10．terror /′terə/ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
11．quality /′kwɒlətI/ n．质量；品质；性质→quantity n．数量，量
12．active /′æktIv/ adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n. 活动
13．devote /dI′vəʊt/ vt.献身，专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚
14．peaceful /′piːsfl/ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平平静；和睦
15．legal /′liːɡl/ adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的
16．violence /′vaIələns/ n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
17．equal /′iːkwəl/ adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等，相等 →equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
18．educate /′edʒʊkeIt/ vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者，教育家
19．beg /beɡ/ vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
20．reward /rI′wɔːd/ n．报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．out of work失业
2．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上
3．blow up使充气；爆炸
4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．turn to求助于；致力于
6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心
7．come to power上台；当权
8．set up设立，建立；搭起
9．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
10．in one’s opinion在某人看来
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.
……我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。
4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。

1．Although he is quite old，he leads an active life.His activities include tennis and painting.(active)
2．Everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
3．After retiring from the basketball field，Yao Ming decided to get further education(educate) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
4．Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel(cruelty) to eat animals.
5．Doctor Smith will be with you as your guidance(guide)．
6．We had a peaceful(peace) afternoon without the children.
7．Hopefully(hopeful)，I’ll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.
8．The youth(young) of today have greater opportunities than ever before.
9．It’s illegal(legal) to drive a car without a driver’s license.
10．Her son，to whom she was so devoted(devote)，went abroad ten years ago.

1
high/good/top quality高质量
poor/bad/low quality质量差
be of high quality质量高
The food is of the highest quality.
这种食品质量最优。
What is the quality you most admire in others?
你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？
夯实基础
翻译句子
(1)质量比数量更重要。
Quality is more important than quantity.
(2)他是一个高素质的人。
He is a man of high quality.
2
devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……
devoted adj.忠实的
be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……
devotion n.奉献；关照
Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.
而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。 (2010·浙江·书面表达)
However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.
但是当升入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。
Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.
阿立娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。
夯实基础
(1)用devote的适当形式填空
①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.
②His life is one devoted to the people.
(2)同义句改写
She was devoted to her study and she took the first place in the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Devoted to her study，she took the first place in the exam.
3 vote v.投票，表决；建议；n.选票；投票；表决
vote for投票赞成
vote against投票反对
vote on投票表决
vote to do...表决做某事
He was voted the most promising new director.
他当选为最有前途的新导演。
The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.
这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。
夯实基础
(1)语法填空
①Did you vote for or against her?
②If we can’t agree，we’ll have to vote on it.
(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.
因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是露出微笑。
4
in one’s position处于某人的位置(状况)
in position在适当的位置
out of position不在适当的位置
take the position that...认为……
I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。 (2011·辽宁·书面表达)
The position of the lamp will give the best light.
这盏灯现在放的位置照明效果最佳。
Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.
让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。
特别提醒
当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。
夯实基础
(1)When he applied for a position in the office of the local newspaper，he was told to see the manager.
当他向当地报社申请职位时，人们要他去见经理。
(2)The agency takes the position that their products are best­sellers.
代理商认为他们的产品最畅销。
5
allow doing...允许做某事
allow sb.to do...允许某人做……
allow sb.sth.允许某人某事
allow for考虑到
The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.
原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。 (2011·陕西·书面表达)
We don’t allow smoking in our home.
在我们家里不允许吸烟。
He was allowed to leave the country.
他获准离开该国。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The children are not allowed to watch(watch) violent TV programmes.
(2)We don’t allow eating(eat) in the classroom.
(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.
6 equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in...)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于(be the same in...)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as...)
be equal in在……方面比得上
be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与……相等；胜任……
on equal terms在对等的条件下
without equal/have no equal无与伦比
He is a player without equal.
他是个无与伦比的运动员。
Though she is young，she has no equal in music.
尽管她很年轻，在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.
(2)一句多译
他能胜任这项工作。
①He is equal to the job.(equal)
②He is up to the job.(up)
③He is fit for the job.(fit)
④He is qualified to do the job.(qualified)
7

in reward for为奖赏……
as a reward for作为对……的奖赏
reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人
He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
He was given a medal as a reward for his service.
作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
夯实基础
(1)He received a reward of $900(900美元的奖金) from the police for catching the criminal.
(2)It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards(奖励)．
8
in one’s opinion＝in the opinion of sb.在某人看来
have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.对……评价好/不好/高/低
In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.
依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。 (2013·北京·开放作文)
特别提醒
(1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offer one’s opinion，而不说make one’s opinion。
(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。
(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in one’s opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。
夯实基础
(1)In my opinion(我认为)，you should go there by yourself.
(2)Opinions vary(观点不同) from person to person on this issue.
(3)Most of the audience had a high opinion of(对……评价高) the performance of our athletes in the 16th Asian Games.

1．He found himself really in trouble this time.
2．Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city.
3．The first time I saw him，I was amazed at his devotion to his career.
4．It is said that when the new president comes to power，he will have to face many difficult problems.
5．I didn’t lose heart and kept running.

1

As a matter of fact，I’ve never been there before.
事实上，我以前从未去过那儿。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
He appears to be strong and healthy，but in fact，he suffers from a heart attack.(用in fact的同义短语改写句子)
①He appears to be strong and healthy，but as a matter of fact，he suffers from a heart attack.
②He appears to be strong and healthy，but in truth/reality/practice/nature，he suffers from a heart attack.
(2)翻译句子
其实，做这件事的就是我。
As a matter of fact，I was the one who did it.
2
turn to sb.for help向某人求助
turn down拒绝
turn out结果是；证明是
take turns to do.../in doing...轮流做……
in turn依次；轮流；相应地
by turns 轮流地
However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.
但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。 (2011·安徽·书面表达)
Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.
然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。 (2011·湖北·短文写作)
夯实基础
用turn短语的适当形式填空
(1)—You look upset.What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal turned down again.
(2)You can turn to your teacher for help if you are in trouble.
(3)Don’t worry.All will turn out right.
3
lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人
lose one’s temper发脾气
lose one’s patience失去耐心
lose one’s way迷路
We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.
我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。 (2013·湖南·书面表达)
夯实基础
用lose短语的适当形式填空
(1)I found I’ve lost my heart to you.
(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.
(3)We’ve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.
(4)The team had won no games and it lost heart.

1．I was touched by her beautiful voice the first time I listened to her singing(我第一次听她演唱)．
2．Only in this way can we(只有用这种方法我们才能) solve the problem as soon as possible.
3．When I went by his window，I saw him doing his homework(我看见他正在做作业)．
4．My hometown has witnessed/seen/found great changes(我的家乡发生了巨大的变化) in the past 20 years.
5．The baby has reached the stage where(到了这个阶段) he can stand up.

1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。

(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。
(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。
(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。
I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.
我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.
②The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
③Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.
④That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
(2)翻译句子
他总是第一个回答问题。
He is always the first to answer questions.
2 ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

only＋状语置于句首，句子用倒装语序。
“only＋副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。
Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。 (2012·福建·书面表达)
Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.
只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。 (2010·江西·书面表达)
特别提醒
(1)only＋从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
①Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.
Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.
②Only can man speak.
Only man can speak.
(2)同义句改写
The patients can be treated only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.(改为倒装句)
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated.
3

the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。
He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.
他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.
每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。
特别提醒
for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
The first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.
The first time→For the first time
(2)同义句改写
I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.
①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)
②I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以­ly结尾的连词改写句子)

用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?
(2)Please leave the book where it was.
(3)This is the reason why/for which he cried.
(4)July，when/in which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.
(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.

Ⅰ.语法填空——根据课文内容完成下面的短文
Nelson Mandela,1.born on July 18,1918，is the first black president of South Africa. He studied law 2.after he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up a law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight 3.against the government and anti­black laws，he 4.was sentenced(sentence) to five years of hard labour. After 5.that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began to blow up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced 6.to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years 7.later(late)，he was freed by the white government. In 1993 he was made President of South Africa and the government by and for 8.the black people was finally set 9.up.
Nelson Mandela was 10.really(real) a great man!
Ⅱ.读写任务——用约30个词概括课文内容
Elias was a poor black worker in South Africa.He helped to blow up some government buildings in 1963 in order to repay Nelson Mandela’s helping him when he was in trouble.
Ⅲ.写作素材——关于帮助
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等。
1．李华是一名律师，挚爱他的工作。
Li Hua，who is a lawyer，is devoted to his job.
2．他相信法律面前人人平等。
He believes that all people are equal before the law.
3．在大家处于困境时，他乐意不计报酬为大家提供帮助，他还鼓励人们不要失去信心。
He is willing to give a hand when people are in trouble without rewards，he also encourages people not to lose heart.
4．事实上，很多人就法律问题向他求助。
As a matter of fact，a lot of people turn to him for legal advice.

Ⅰ.完形填空
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow，you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses.Success or 1 in your work would depend，to a great extent，on your ability to use your 2 to the best advantage.Of the greatest importance is your 3 .A person who doesn’t like the job he is doing or doesn’t 4 it seriously can never do it 5 .On the other hand，a person who believes that he is capable of doing the work and is willing to make a cheerful 6 at it is likely to succeed.
Having the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. 7 those skills is obviously a weakness.A carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a 8 is a hopeless case.
This book has been designed to 9 you use the strength and overcome the 10 that you bring to the job.But in order to measure your 11 you must first think carefully about somewhere you stand now.As we get further along in the book，we’ll be 12 in some detail with specific processes for 13 and strengthening learning skills.However，to begin with，you should pause to examine your 14 strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school：your attitude，your reading and communication 15 ，and your study habits.
1．A.improvement B．achievement
C．victory D．failure
答案　D
解析　与前面的success形成对比，因此选D项。
2．A.energy B．strengths
C．knowledge D．force
答案　B
解析　由本段第一句“...some basic strengths and weaknesses.”可知。与其中的strengths是原词复现。
3．A.attitude B．thought
C．wisdom D．honesty
答案　A
解析　由本文最后一句可知填attitude，是原词复现。
4．A.get B．take C．have D．make
答案　B
解析　考查固定搭配。take sth.seriously认真对待某事。
5．A.finally B．eventually
C．successfully D．wonderfully
答案　C
解析　根据下句中的“is