立场文件范文.doc

范文一
Delegate: Wang Shichen
School: Shanghai Xiangming High School
Country: Algeria
Committee: Economy and Social Council
Topic: International migration
Nowadays, along with the rapid growth and development of economy and science, international migration has become a complex issue. Most countries worldwide, ranging from North Africa countries like Algeria to Asia countries, are concerning about the problem which touches on many other important and relevant national and international topic, including refugees, human rights, racial conflicts and the undeniable gap between developed and developing countries.
In recent years, the phenomenon is turning more serious with the continually increasing population of international migrates. Not be protected by the countries they traveled to, the migrates also are not sufficiently protected by any international laws, and still no conventional agreement has been launched.
Regarding the international migration affair, the international community has launched a number of initiatives and measures to tackle this problem in recent several decades and progress has been made. Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
With 122 member states, a further 18 states holding observer status and offices in over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all.
IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people.
The UN also recognizes the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development, as well as to the right of freedom of movement. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed in 1948, is a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations which has made great efforts on human right protection. It calls for all the nations, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
As a member of the Union of the Arab Maghreb which was established in 1989 within other four African countries, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania , Algeria focus on the human trafficking problem ,and human rights issue.
The Algeria government wants to emphasize the importance of skilled migrants to every country, especially developing countries like Algeria. The situation of brain drain becomes more serious these years and deprives developing countries of much-needed doctors, scientists, professors and other skilled workers. Algeria desires more skilled workers coming back to their motherland and help establish a new society of their own country.
Also, Algeria suggests more countries have the signatures of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families to have further actions on human rights protection. Recognizing the progress made by certain States on a regional or bilateral basis towards the protection of the rights of migrant workers and members of their families, as well as the importance and usefulness of bilateral and multilateral agreements in this field, Algeria is willing to see a better and appropriate environment to the migrants and their families.
In order to fight against these problems in the international migration, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to these problems. As such, Algeria is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences in improving the situation of the migration. Algeria also expects to be able to cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the human rights of both the legal and irregular migrants as well as the refugees. With the joint efforts, a better environment for the migrants is predictable.
References:
<1> International Organization for Migration
http://www.iom.int/jahia/jsp/index.jsp
<2> Universal Declaration of Human Rights
http://www.un.org/
<3> the Union of the Arab Maghreb

<4> the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display.php?doc_id=558&category_id=32&category_type=3&group=Human%20rights%20treaties%20and%20other%20instruments
范文二
代表：曹心怡
学校：华东师范大学第二附属中学
国家：美国
委员会：国际难民署
议题：伊拉克难民问题
伊拉克冲突可以说人尽皆知，而伊拉克难民的人道主义危机却被严重忽视。伊拉克难民人数的迅速增加严重威胁着地区稳定，如果国际社会再不采取行动，危机将愈演愈烈，甚至有失控危险。伊拉克难民的人道主义危机严重，而且伊拉克难民的大量涌入给邻国造成沉重的社会和经济负担，威胁地区稳定。要有效解决伊拉克难民问题，需要世界各国的援助，更需要联合国难民署的积极行动和协调。
对于伊拉克难民问题，联合国难民署已在伊朗和伊拉克边境地区伊朗一侧建成了3座难民营，准备接收来自伊拉克的难民。联合国难民署还宣布，为了收容更多因可能发生的战争而出逃的伊拉克难民，难民署正在与伊朗合作，准备建造另外10座难民营。同时，联合国难民署将先在伊北部库尔德人居住区以及伊南部城市巴士拉开展工作，因为那里有很多试图逃往伊朗的伊拉克难民。在此之后，难民署有关人员再进驻巴格达。
美国政府认为，国际社会在伊拉克问题上对美国存在一定的误会。美国要强调的是，美国发动伊拉克战争，目的在于“解除伊拉克武装，恢复伊拉克人民自由”。 伊拉克战争将几百万伊拉克人从萨达姆的统治下“解放了”出来，使得中东地区变得更加稳定和更加安全，这场战争同时还使美国免遭恐怖袭击而变得更加安全。布什总统在发动伊拉克战争时曾经这样告诉伊拉克人：“在我们的联军剥夺了萨达姆政府的权力之后，我们将向你们提供你们所需要的药品和食品，我们将彻底摧毁恐怖机器，我们将帮助你们建设一个繁荣自由的新伊拉克。” 因此，美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上也做出了很大的努力，并将给予接收伊拉克难民的约旦和叙利亚等国家更多援助。

此外，在伊拉克，平均每3人中就有一人经常喝不上干净的水，在医疗体系几近崩溃的情况下，许多营养不良的儿童被并不严重的疾病夺去了生命。因此，医疗卫生问题应当成为援助的关键。美国呼吁各国重视这一严重的问题，并积极采取行动。
在伊拉克难民的问题上，美国政府有一个基本责任去为那些流离失所的伊拉克人提供人道主义援助。美国会给自2003年伊拉克战争后为美国服务和工作一年以上的伊拉克难民颁发特别移民签证，美国国务院将向伊拉克派遣官员加速伊拉克难民的审批工作。同时，美国将任命一位专职负责伊拉克难民事务的官员，以加快伊拉克难民在美国的申请和安置工作。
与此同时，美国政府认为，伊拉克难民问题不仅是伊拉克战争所带来的，更是目前的众多恐怖主义袭击的惨痛后果。同时，伊拉克内部的种族矛盾和各种冲突也是导致难民增加的重要原因。因此，美国坚决反对恐怖主义，反对种族矛盾，作为崇尚自由的国家，美国会尽最大的力量对受到此类威胁的伊拉克难民给予援助，更希望印尼、马来西亚、波斯湾各国、埃及和约旦等地的温和的穆斯林联合起来共同反对极端主义和恐怖主义。国际社会应当团结一心，帮助伊拉克度过难关，让伊拉克难民获得自由与解放。
 对于目前伊拉克难民流离失所的问题，美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁：
l 伊拉克周边国家（尤其是接收伊拉克难民最多的国家，也就是叙利亚和约旦）能够得到国际社会的物质支持，为难民提供庇护所，从而能够应对大批难民给它们的经济和社会带去的各种挑战。
l 西方国家积极采取行动，帮助伊拉克周边国家，尽量分散伊拉克难民，让他们得到更好的安顿和发展。
l 各国（尤其是发达国家）加强国际合作、整合可利用资源，向伊难民提供卫生保健等基本的医疗保障，防止疾病的肆虐，组织医务工作者到难民区进行义务看病。
l 各国（尤其是农业发达的国家）应向伊难民提供食品、安全饮用水等基本的生活保障，与此同时加强救助行动的协调，针对国家的情况分配不同的援助物资，让各国都献出自己的力量。
l 国际社会团结起来，在同一战线上，反对恐怖主义威胁，对于任何恐怖主义行动，都要坚决打击和遏制，共同消灭恐怖组织。
l 对于伊拉克内部的种族冲突，各国应给予关注，并在相应的时候给予援助和调解。
l 各难民接受国应保护难民权利，使其融入当地社会，避免种族歧视现象，并在局势稳定后让难民重返故乡。
美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上坚信，伊拉克人民的自由是全世界最希望看到的，美国相信伊拉克人民有权利也有能力享受人类的自由，也可以在整个中东地区建立一个重要、和平、自治国家的典范。况且美国每年接受的难民占了世界各国接受难民定居人数的一半，因此美国也希望和其他国家一道，在这一地区推进自由和和平，支持国际难民署的各种援助活动。这个目标不可能在一夜之间实现，它需要时间。人类自由的力量和对它的渴望体现在每个人身上，体现在每个国家身上，自由的伟大力量将会化解仇恨和暴力，让每个人都全身心地追求和平。这就是美国的选择。
范文三
代表：曹心怡
学校：华东师范大学第二附属中学
国家：美国
委员会：国际难民署
议题：印度洋海啸后的难民问题
印度洋海啸不仅造成了大比例的经济损失，而且由于人口密集，产生了大量的受灾人群，从而涌现了十几万难民。印度洋海啸过后，受灾国的基础设施、通讯设施、供电系统、供水系统以及机场全部被破坏，社会秩序和生活一度陷于瘫痪状态。而由于灾难本身的破坏性和人们心里的恐惧感，大量的人民无家可归并开始外套，于是产生了巨大的难民潮，并有愈演愈烈之势。因此，国际难民署应充分关注这一现象。
美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上坚信，只有人道主义援助才是解决难民问题的关键。
2004年12月27日，联合国向印尼等亚洲国家派遣了灾害评估和救灾协调工作组，美国、日本、澳大利亚和印度组成了救灾“核心集团”，在此次海啸后作出了较大的贡献。截止到2005年1月5日，美国最终确定援助款项为3.5亿美元，世界卫生组织向受灾严重地区运送了大批纯净水设备，世界银行也拿出了2.5亿美元作为第一笔无偿援助。国际社会的“慷慨解囊”让美国政府感到很欣慰。
美国政府认为，各国在接受和援助难民的同时也应关注到受灾国灾后重建的问题。因为对难民的人道主义援助只能安抚灾后短时期内人们的恐慌心理，而为了让难民最后重返自己的家园，世界各国都应从经济或技术上支援受灾国，受灾国也应充分利用本国原有的较完善的应付意外灾难的机构，与援助国共同重建和发展受灾地区。
美国政府强调，世界各国在进行援助时应提供切实可行的办法和方案，进行有效的援助，而非仅仅进行无意义的呼吁。接受难民的国家须形成承载意愿并提高承载能力，从而避免难民抵达后产生的种族宗教矛盾和冲突。
 基于印度洋海啸后所产生了各方面的的难民问题，美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁：
l 在不干涉内政的前提下建立一个印度洋海啸难民问题工作组，对各国的援助物资根据受灾情况进行合理的分配，对物资的落实和有效使用进行监督，从而最优化地规划配制各种国际援助。
l 重视受灾国灾后的传染病问题，派遣国际援助队进行医疗援助，从而防止传染病的大规模爆发，安抚人心，稳定政局，避免大规模的难民的产生或者外流。
l 各国应提供紧急援助和金融保障，以保持物价的稳定，和基本生活水平的维持，并向受灾国政府提供切实可行的办法和方案。
l 有实力的国家为受灾国家在海水淡化方面提供技术支持，让受灾国自行解决缺乏淡水的问题，这样也有助于其未来的发展。
l 各难民接受国应重视难民所带来的种族宗教安全问题。
美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上始终保持自己鲜明的立场，认为世界各国首先应重视这个问题，更重要的是要同美国等国家一样用实际行动积极参与人道主义援助。印度洋海啸是不可预料的天灾，每个国家都不希望这样的灾难发生在本国身上，因此当各国都换位思考，就会感到对受灾国进行援助的重要性和必要性。在面临这样的困难时，国际社会应用同样的态度对待受灾的难民，以宽容的胸怀接纳他们，为他们创造一个幸福的大家园。
范文四
Delegate: Mao Ziyi
School: Xiangming High School
Country: Madagascar
Committee: General Assembly (GA)
Topic: The global warming problem
When the first settlers landed on Madagascar on the African Continent, they felt astonished- vast rain forests, rivers flowing among the mountains and unknown animals. In spite of the rich nature resources, Madagascar is one of the world’s most underdeveloped countries besetting by poverty, diseases and environmental crisis by the 1990s. The climate change is an important reason. 100,000 people died of malaria in Madagascar heights in 1988, and the global warming should be blamed because it leaded to the outbreak of infections. It also causes the water shortage in this area, and it raises a vicious circle, not only in Madagascar but also in the whole world.
The United Nations plays a significant role in the fight against global warming. In November 1988, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) jointly established a government International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It promoted the ‘United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’ in 1992 and the ‘Kyoto Protocol’ in1997. The UNEP also has a general estimate on polities to agricultural trades and biological diversity in Madagascar.
Madagascar Government now is applying itself to promote environmental awareness as well as techniques of environmental protection, civil society, education and business. Although the natural ecosystems in Madagascar have the feature of biological diversity, no matter climates or animals and plants, now they are threatened by rapid growth of population and extremely poor living conditions．During the 2003 World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, HEM Marc Ravalomanana, and President of Madagascar announced an environmental protection plan that would triple the current protected area surface in Madagascar. The Government now is continuing to carry out the regulations in Law of National Environment to stop the actions which destroy the natural resources strictly and to cooperate with the nature．
The very problem we are now facing is the shortage of funds and technological supports．We are trying to improve the proportion of the Government environmental expenditures in the national economy as a whole, however, we hope that the developed countries can cut off developing countries debts and provide more training programs like new exploitation methods or water resources development. Madagascar is also looking for the cooperation with countries in Africa Union or developed countries, which can make the most of or revolute the main economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc. to stimulate economic development and deal with urgent financial and living problems. Madagascar will be responsible to take approaches to protect national unique ecosystem and previous species, such as giving more attention to propagation by government, building protection areas or decreasing the disposal of pollutants. We need the assistance from the international organization. We also hope that the UN can react on climatic problems and give caution and assistance to developing countries.
The suggestions of the Madagascar government are as follows:
Speed up environmental protection plans and enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection in the country in 5 years.
Improve and perfect relating laws and import talents to protect local forests and rare animals and plants. Request for the assistance from international organizations.
Program main local economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc, to economic development and strengthen the abilities of national environmental protection. Sigh the trade treaty and tariff treaty with countries which share a common purpose.
Come to an understanding with Africa Union countries and reach further cooperation.
Solicit financial and technologic aids from developed countries and strive after reducing debts, and look after the way to develop and advancement on the basis of solving the urgent problems on environment
In order to fight against the problems in environment, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to environment problems. As such, Madagascar is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences and techniques in improving the eco-construction and the eco-environment．Madagascar also expects to be able to cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the ecological environment of our world. With the joint efforts, a better ecological environment is predictable.
范文五
Delegate: Xu Bingwen
School: Xiangming High School
Country: The Republic of Albania
Committee: General Assembly (GA)
Topic: The global warming problem
Global warming, the long-term threat to the entire environment, is a common concern of all countries. According to climate records, it has been hotter and hotter the last a few years. Precipitation patterns have changed whilst sea levels have risen, and most non-polar glaciers are retreating. It is in nobody’s interest to have this status quo. If global warming continues unabated, developing countries will be particularly affected by climate changing.
The United Nations has made great efforts over the years so as to reverse the trend. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established in 1988 was playing a momentous role in settling climate change. The reports they synthesized has contributed to the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and provided key input to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It’s certain that IPCC will be influential in the formation of climate policy in the next several years. The Kyoto Protocol is the chief instrument for tackling climate change, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), one of the Kyoto mechanisms, also provides opportunities for developing countries’ benefits. Though it entered into force on 16 February, 2005, the effect of KP remains to be proved.
The Republic of Albania has also made an obvious progress in combating global warming. After ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in April 2005, as a “developing” country under the Kyoto Protocol, Albania has no quantified greenhouse gas emission reduction targets during the first commitment period (2008-12) but can participates in the global carbon market under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. Now Albania’s first CDM project, WB Bio-Carbon Fund Assisted Natural Regeneration Project is on-going, We have planned to transfer 280,000t CO2(in the period 2012-2017) to World Bank as Emission Reduction , to turn 10% tree crown cover increased to 30% , and to advance