综英翻译,从老师课件中整理出来的.doc

Unit 1 Love of Reading
Paraphrase the following sentences in English:
1. I must have given her no peace. (line7 on p.3)
I always asked her to read stories to me and never let her take a rest.
2. They bought for the future. (line 26 on p.4)
They bought books which they thought were good for the future of their children.
3. My mother read secondarily for information. (line 34 on p4.)
My mother thought reading for information wasn’t the most important thing, in fact, she usually read for fun.
4. She sank as a hedonist into novels. (line 35 on p.4)
She became intoxicated whenever she read a novel and would even fall in love with the author, who brought about fun to her.
5. The full set of Mark Twain and the short set of Ring Lardner in our bookcase were the volumes that in time united us all, parents and children. (line41 on p.4)
Both my parents and we, their children, loved those books, and we often read those books and talked about them together.
6. Do what you ought, come what may. (line 53 on p.5)
Whatever may happen, do what you should.
7. The set of Dickens had been through fire and water before I was born and were lined up there, waiting for me. (line65 on p.5)
The set of books written by Dickens had been worn out after going through many hard times, being read many times, and were in very poor conditions, but my mother still kept them for me to read.
8. More often than the rest volume 5, Every Child’s Story Book, was under my eyes.
I read Volume 5, Every Child’s Story Book, more often than the other books.
9. I located myself in the classic illustrations of those books like the Pilgrim’s Progress.
I imagined myself as a character in the beautiful pictures of the stories in those books.
10. Ever since I was first read to, then started reading to myself, there has never been a line read that I didn’t hear. (line96 on p.6)
Ever since my mother read stories to me, and after I became a reader myself, I had always heard a voice saying what was read to me.
11. The Book of Knowledge could not hold a candle to the book Our Wonder World
The Book of Knowledge was not comparable with the book Our Wonder World as the latter was so much better.
Reference Key for Translation on page 22
Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. These stories and her expressive face appealed profoundly to me.
Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading The bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.
Today, I still live in gratitude to my grandmother and my parents. Without them, I could never have become a writer.

Unit 2 Let’s Go Veggie!
Line 15: 美国饮食协会认为，“科学资料表明，素食对降低多种慢性退化性疾病的患病危险有积极影响。”
Line 18： 世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用错误的燃料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。”
Line 21:据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉博称，这一“错误的燃料” 致使加拿大每年用于治疗退化性疾病的费用估计高达4000亿加元。
Line 35: 根据《信息自由法案》的相关文件记载，这些（游说）组织迫使加拿大《最新食品指南》在1993年公布前作出修改。
Line 48 阿尔伯达农业署估算出，生产肉食品所耗费的能源比生产谷物多10-20倍。
Line 58: 美国政府估测，生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4公斤的谷物。
Line 61:粪肥---根据政府提供的资料，单单在加拿大一个国家，动物每秒钟排出的粪便就高达10,000多公斤。
Line 62:加拿大环境署宣称，一头牛每增长1公斤（牛肉）相对应要排出40公斤粪便。
Line 63:安大略省农业部估测，一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50-100吨禽粪。
Line 66: 1992年安大略省地下水调查项目发现，43%的受测水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。
Line 75 获普利策奖提名的《新美洲饮食》一书的作者约翰·罗宾斯说得好：“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。”
Line 85:我见到“固执”的牛被鞭打，屠宰室里的猪被拿着电卡钳的人追赶着发出鬼哭狼嚎似的尖叫声。
Line 93据加拿大农业署称, 在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有150,000多头家畜被“加工”。
Line 100加拿大农业署估计，在加拿大每年有3百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死去。
Line 107 这些动物中几乎没有几头享受过阳光和新鲜空气的待遇，而大部分就连拉屎拉尿的权利都被剥夺了。
Line 112 我们手里握着的刀叉拥有着改变世界命运的力量。
Line 114世界上没有什么比进行素食革命更能促进人类健康，增加地球上生命的存活机会。
Reference Key to Translation on page 31:
其实这事要从查尔斯顿监狱说起，一开始宾比就让我对他的知识渊博羡慕不已。宾比总是主宰谈话内容，我总想效仿他。可是，我随便打开一本书，几乎没有一个句子不是少则一两个字，多则差不多所有的字都不认识。我只好跳过这些字，结果自然是对书上说的几乎一无所知了。因此，我被接送到诺福克拘留所时，读书还只是为了摆摆样子而已。要不是我真的获得了学习动机，我恐怕没多久就会连读书的样子也懒得去摆了。
我认识到，最要紧的是得到一本字典好认字学字。同时我幸运地意识到，必须改善自己的书法。说来令人伤感，我写字都不能写得齐整成行。这两个想法促使我向诺福克拘留所学校要了一本字典，还有本子和笔。
Unit 3 lying
2) Translating: (key)
A. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way.“ “我不会那一套，”他说，“我生来就不会那一套。” (line 7)
B. And his answer to the argument that saying nice things to someone doesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does — it destroys your credibility讲到对人家说几句好听的话并不失去什么，他的回答是：“不对，当然有损失 —— 那会损害你的诚信度。”
C. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. 他们说，如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏，不由自主地用你的诚实使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，这只能说你是傲慢的。 (line 12)
D. And in general do you find yourself ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break things? 当你犯了荒唐的错误，或丢失了抑或者打碎了东西时，是不是常常发觉自己准备、乐意、甚至会对他撒谎？ (line 65)
E. For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem.然而，对于我们这种善于说谎的人来说，对于我们这种说谎而又一般不露馅的人来说，说谎还是不说谎可能是一个严肃的道德难题。
Useful Expressions
1. 在 … 条件下under … condition(s) 2. 归纳generalize 3. 在 … 情形下under ... circumstance(s) 4. 得出结论reach a conclusion5. 社交性谎言social lies 6. 文明的方式civilized way7. 正直无畏incorruptible and brave 8. 以…袭击assail…with9. 基本赞同 basically agree 10. 相貌平平的孩子homely kid11. 某某人so-and-so 12. 饭菜太丰富了cook up a storm13. 生来不会那一套not made that way 14. 虚假的赞美false praise15. 息事宁人的谎言peace-keeping lies 16. 使某人免受shelter sb. from17. 避免麻烦 keep trouble at bay 18. 逃避责任dodge responsibility19. 碰上堵车get/be caught in a traffic jam 20. 有情绪做某事be in the mood to do sth.21. 隐瞒事实conceal the fact 22. 行使权利assert one’s right23. 根据on the grounds of/that 24. 有风流韵事have an affair 25. 出卖某人betray sb. /give sb. away 26. 棘手的问题sticky issue 27. 露馅give oneself away 28. 最后一手the last resort
Unit 4: Unforgettable Teachers
It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history.
那是在十五年以前，我进入阿加西兹教授的实验室，告诉他我已经在科学学院注册读博物学。
To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.
对于后面的那个问题我回答说，我希望自己在动物学各个领域都打下一定的基础，但特别想从事昆虫学研究。
“No man is fit to be a naturalist,” said he, “who does not know how to take care of specimens.”
“一个人如果连怎样保护标本都不知道，” 他说， “他就不配当博物学家。”
This little excitement over, nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.一阵小小的兴奋过后就无事可干了，只好继续凝视我那一言不发的伙伴。
Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me; but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.我不仅得整晚想着这条鱼，要在实物不在眼前的情况下仔细琢磨这一未知却又及其显著的特征是什么；而且，第二天在无法回顾我的发现的情况下对我观察到的东西做出精确的描述。
This was the best entomological lesson I ever had – a lesson whose influence has extended to the details of every subsequent study; a legacy the Professor had left me, as he has left it to so many others, of inestimable value which we could not buy, with which we cannot part.这是我所上过的最好的昆虫课----其影响延伸到以后每一项研究的各个细节。这是阿加西兹教授留给我以及其他许多人的遗产，其价值无法估量，千金难买，我们决不会舍弃。
Key for Translation C-E(P129)
When I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, formerly dressed, soft spoken, and cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, of being steadfast in one’s efforts, and of not being content with what you have learned. There was no doubt that teaching math was something sacred to him. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.
Support for Translation E-C(text B)
Jim Crow:
poor black children had to struggle to put anything in their heads: 穷苦的黑人小孩要想学到一点东西就得发奋努力。
It’s library was outrageously inadequate – so small, I like to say, that if two students were in it and one wanted to turn a page, the other one had to step outside. 它的图书馆差透了—它是如此之小，我可以说，要是有两个学生在里面看书，一个学生想翻一下书页，另一个学生就得让开。
whites of conscience: 有良心的白人blacks of stature: 有影响力的黑人
That is how she introduced me to the Brontěs, Byron, Coleridge, Keats and Tennyson.
她就是用这种方法使我读到勃朗特三姐妹、拜伦、科勒律治、济慈和丁尼生的作品的。
Forty-five years later, I can still recite her “truths to live by,”
四十五年以后的今天(到现在45年了)，我仍然背得出她推崇的“立身至理名言”…
The heights by great men reached and kept伟人们登上高山之顶
Were not attained by sudden flight,并非一蹴而就。
But they, while their companions slept,而是当同伴们酣睡时，
Were toiling upward in the night.他们仍不辞辛苦摸黑向上攀爬。
Unit 5 The American Civil War
1. Grant and Lee were two strong men, two oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into collision. (ll13-15)
格兰特和李是两位强悍的男人，两位有着令人惊奇的差异的将军；他们代表着两股互相矛盾的势力，而这两股势力（最终）在他们俩的领导下发生了冲突。
2. America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing more complicated than the rather hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. (ll22-25)
美国成了一个正在发生翻天覆地变化的国家，它正致力于实现一个简单而又模糊的理想：所有的人都应该享有平等的权利和同等的机会。
3. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. (ll25-27)
在这个国家，李所代表的势力认为，社会结构中存在明显的不平等，某种程度上对人类社会是有益的。
4. It would bring forth (according to this ideal) a class of men with a strong sense of obligation to the community; men who lived not to gain advantage for themselves, but to meet the solemn obligations which had been laid on them by the very fact that they were privileged. (ll29-32)
(根据这种理想)结果会产生一批怀着对社会的强烈责任感的人，他们活着不是为自己谋利益，而是为了履行他们作为特权阶级事实上所肩负的神圣的责任。
5. Thousands of tired, underfed, poorly clothed Confederate soldiers, long since past the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle, somehow considered Lee the symbol of everything for which they had been willing to die. (ll43-45)
成千上万的衣不蔽体、食不果腹、疲惫不堪的同盟军士兵，在经历过战争初期的那种狂热后很久，仍然认为李是他们甘愿为之献出生命的事业的象征。
6. He had come up the hard way and embodied nothing in particular except the eternal toughness and sinew fiber of the men who grew up beyond the mountains. (ll49-51)
他经过自身的艰苦努力终于成名，而且他身上所显现出的无宁是一种从西部山区走出来的一群人的永生不灭的顽强品格。
7. No man was born to anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. (ll62-63)人与生俱来的没有别的，只有一次证明自己能有多大成就的机会。
8. He had, in other words, an acute dollars-and-cents stake in the continued growth and development of his country. (ll71-72)
换句话说，他个人的荣耀，与他的国家的发展有着千丝万缕的联系。
9. Different as they were ---- in background, in personality, in underlying aspiration ---- these two great soldiers had much in common. (ll95-97)
虽然他们俩有很多不同，在背景、性格、抱负各方面都不同，这两位伟大的战士却有着许多共同之处。
10. No part of either man’s life became him more than the part he played in their brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomatox. （ll15－116）
他们两个一生中的任何经历，都没有他们俩在Appomatox的麦克林小屋里所作的短暂的会面，对造就他们的一世英名所起的作用更大。
Unit 6 Marriage
Detailed reading for Part I
owe her this token of consideration (ll10-11)该向她表示一点心意
have a passion for …对…情有独钟 take … for granted 想当然地认为
pull up拉刹车制 attache cases公文包 a treasured possession (line54)备受珍爱的礼物
be in mourning正在戴孝 for your wife’s sake 为了你妻子
…occurred to him 他突然想到了 …entertain a passion for … 对…怀着炽热的感情
catch one’s own reflection in the glass看见镜子中自己的影子
could not help admitting不得不承认 plucked up courage鼓起勇气
Translate the following sentences in Text B:
1. These days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth.
如今太多的婚姻以离婚告终，以至于曾经显得很神圣的誓言现在听起来再也不像有丝毫诚意。
2. Outside pressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents and all other plagues of life hit marriage the way hurricanes blast our shores.(ll11-13)
失业、疾病、不孕、教育孩子、照顾老人等生活中的压力给婚姻所造成的打击，就像龙卷风冲击海岸一样强烈
3. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional patterns of our first homes. (ll19-20)
我们大家潜意识中常常精确地选择一个伴侣，与我们一起再造我们的父母之间的情感模式。
4. The coming of children, the pulls and tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable strain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, or merging together and solving all of life’s problems.(ll49-52)
孩子的出生，他们对父母在情感和时间上的要求，给父母带来了不容忽视的压力，使得他们的婚姻基础----成为彼此的一切，永远在一起，共同解决生活中所有的问题----变得不再牢固。
5. The struggle to survive in marriage requires adaptability, flexibility, genuine love and kindness and an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling. (ll67-69)
要想使婚姻维持下去，就得有适应性、灵活性、真挚的爱、善良的心、和能够体会对方的感受的想象力。
6. Many marriages fall apart because either partner cannot imagine what the other wants or cannot communicate what he or she needs or feels. (ll69-70)
许多婚姻解体，原因在于双方都不能理解对方的想法，不能交流各自的需要和感情。
7. In some cases, the communication patterns of childhood ---- of not talking, of talking too much, of not listening, of distrust and anger, or withdrawal ---- spill into the marriage and prevent a healthy exchange of thoughts and feelings. (ll76-80)
有时候，孩童时期的交流模式----要么不予理睬对方，要么说个没完没了；无心倾听对方说话，互不信任，相互生气，对对方缺乏热情----这一切侵入了婚姻中，阻碍了双方之间的健康的思想和情感交流。
8. To achieve a balance between separateness and closeness is one of the major psychological tasks of all human beings at every stage of life. (ll82-83)
保持人际若即若离的平衡关系，是人生每个阶段都必须完成的心理学任务。
9. Divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. (ll107-108)
如今离婚变得很普遍，原因在于今天的人们不愿意按照婚姻的要求约束自己的行为。
10. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. (ll110-111)
婚姻需要某种牺牲，不是可怕的灵魂的自我牺牲，而是达成某种程度上的妥协。
11. While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds. (ll113-114)
尽管所有的婚姻中的双方有时候都会感到受到束缚，失去自由，选择把婚姻变成束缚自由的枷锁还是相互支持的纽带的恰恰是他们自己。
12. Sometimes divorce provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. (ll118-120)
有时候，离婚恰好给毫无希望地渐行渐远的两个人，或者沉迷于痛苦或不快之中的两个人提供了解脱。
13. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself. (ll124-127)
那些不但没有失败相反得到改善的婚姻，那些尽管不完善但能坚持下去的婚姻，如今不仅少见，而且给我们的人性提供了一个完美的庇护所。