1、
9A Unit 6英语语法———直接引语变为间接引语(宾语从句)
一、 直接引语变成间接引语的几个例子:
⑴The teacher told us, “The earth is round.”
The teacher told us (that) the earth is round.
(2)Tom said to me yesterday, “ I like reading books.”
Tom told
2、 me yesterday (that) he likes reading books.
⑶ Lily told me, “ I want to go shopping.”
Lily told me (that) she wanted to go shopping.
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(4) He asked me ,“who is the woman ?”
He asked me who the woman was .
(5) I asked Tom, “ Where does John live?“
3、
I asked Tom where John lived.
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(6)I asked Lucy, “Are you watching TV?”
I asked Lucy if she was watching TV .
(7)He asked me, “Do you have any paper?”
He asked me if I had any paper.
二、 根据以上的例子归纳
1.宾语从句定义:宾语从句是指在复合句中主句的宾语由一个完整的句子来充当,这个句子叫宾语从句。
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4、引语改为间接引语(宾语从句)的方法:(特别要注意时态、语序、人称变化三个方面)
①陈述句作宾语从句常由that来引导,口语中that常省略)(如(1)(2)(3))
②特殊疑问句作宾语从句常由特殊疑问词(who/what/where等)来引导,而且必须用陈述句语序。(如(4)(5))
③一般疑问句作宾语从句,常由if / whether来引导,而且也必须用陈述句语序。(原来问句中的any不能改成some)(如(6)(7))
④时间副词要发生相应的变化:
直接引语(Direct speech)
间接引语(Report speech)
now
t
5、hen
today
that day
tonight
that night
this morning /week
that morning/week
tomorrow
the following day/the next day
yesterday
the day before
last month
the month before
3. 宾语从句中的时态:(总的原则:主句和从句的时态要前后呼应)
①、含有宾语从句的复合句中如果主句的时态是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等),从句的时态跟据实际需要而定(原来直接引语中用什么时态,间接引语中还用什么时
6、态)。
如:I know (that) he lives here.
I know (that) he lived here 10 years ago.
I have heard (that) he will come.
②、含有宾语从句的复合句中如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去过完成时,过去将来时等),那么从句的时态也必须用过去时态中的一种。
直接引语改为间接引语时,如果主句是过去时态,则宾语从句中的时态具体变化如下:
直接引语(Direct speech)
间接引语(Report speech)
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
★但是有一种情况除外:如果从句中的话是真理或暂时不会发生改变的客观事实,则用一般现在时,不受主句限制。