阅读理解导学案.doc

《高考英语阅读理解解题技巧》导学案

南宁市第21中学高三英语备课组

班级： 姓名：

一、学习目标
1、进一步检测阅读理解题阅读方法的正确运用，提高做题效率与正确率。
2、找出错题原因，有针对性的弥补知识点的缺漏。

二、高考链接：阅读理解的主要题型及常用提问方式（课前背诵）
1 .主旨大意
常见的提问方式：
(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______.
(2)The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________.
(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
(4)Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ________.
(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
(7) What topic is treated in the passage?
(8) The passage makes clear that ________.
(9) Which of the following best sum up the passage?

2.细节理解
常见的提问方式：
(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?
(2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true?
(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____.
(4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…?
(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like?

3.推理判断
常见的提问方式：
(1) We can know from the passage that ______.
(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ______.
(3) The passage implies that ________.
(4) The passage suggests that _________.
(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
(6) The underlined sentence indicates that _______.
(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.

4.作者意图（态度）
常见的提问方式：
(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against ______.
(2) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _______.
(3) The author may probably agree with/ support _______.
(4) What’s the author’s attitude /viewpoint towards _______?
(5) How does the author feel about ________?
(6) The author implies that _______.
(7) The author gives the impression that ________.
(8) In the author’s opinion, ________.
(9) The tone of the author may be _______.

5.猜测词义
常见的提问方式：
(1) The word ―…‖in the passage means______.
(2) The word ―…‖ could be best replaced by _____.
(3) Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _______.
(4) The word ―…‖ probably refers to ______.
(5) According to the passage, the word ―…‖ is known as ______.

三、可以大大提高阅读速度和解题速度的三种阅读方法。
略读(skimming) ：主要解决主旨大意，观点态度题。注意文章头、尾及每段头句。
查读(scanning)：细节理解，猜测词义题。带着问题找关键词。
研读(study reading)：推理判断题。在查读的基础上揣摩推敲。

四、学习过程
要求：1、个人明确学习目标，自主学习，课前认真完成导学案。
2、注意运用略读(skimming) ,查读(scanning),研读(study reading来解题。
3、注意总结解题技巧或规律。
4、注意错题及其原因。

A
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, zxxk Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. 
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.[2014高考真题]
1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A. Go shopping B. Find a house
C. Join his family D. Take his family
2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.
A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman
C. a letter in his papers  D. a stranger in Sydney
3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Showed B. Sent out C. Delivered D. Gave back
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a a New Country.
C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends.

好句翻译与积累：
1. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
2.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.

反思：
我认为解答此类题目需要注意的是：

B
The quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2010 and, a decade later, citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world.
These were the goals set out by the Shanghai Water Authority. With the city’s population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020, Chen Yin, and official with the water authority, said Shanghai’s water consumption will not increase from its present amount.
Zhang Yue, director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction, said, “Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions. They will not be easy to achieve.” He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy. Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure（基础设施）costs by 10,000 Yuan. Last year, Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.
“The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortages,” Chen said. “The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”
Shanghai lacks drinkable water. The Huangpu River, which supplies 80 percent of the city’s drinkable water, is nearing exhaustion. The city, therefore, has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water. Besides penning regulations, the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.
At present, the city has 600，000 family toilets, each using 13 liters of water per flush. These are to be renovated（整修）to use only 9 liters of water per flush. The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households – at a cost of 40 Yuan each.
In three years, all the toilets will be renovated, which saves the city nearly 15 million Yuan every year in water conservation. Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage（污水）to improve the water environment.
At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water. To meet the total demand, 27 more sewage treatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion Yuan.【From Chinadaily】
5．People in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from _______now.
A．the underground B．the rain
C．the Yangtze River D．the Huangpu River
6．According to the passage, some people have the wrong opinion of using water because _________
A．the renovating of family toilets will save plenty of water
B．about half of waste water has been treated already
C．advanced technology makes people use water as much as possible
D．there is plenty surface water and large amount of rain at present
7．The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to_____ .
A．make people’s living more convenient
B．improve people’s living standards
C．ease employment pressure
D．meet the total demand of water
8．We can infer from the passage that______
A．the boom of economy will need a larger amount of water in the future
B．citizens today in Shanghai drink the best quality of water in the world
C．not everyone today in Shanghai is aware of water shortage
D．all the family toilets will be renovated to save water within 3 years
好句翻译与积累：
1．Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage（污水）to improve the water environment
2.To meet the total demand, 27 more sewage treatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion Yuan.

反思：
我认为解答此类题目需要注意的是：

C
You wake up in the morning, the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. Then the telephone rings, you say hello, and the drama starts. The person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to. You are still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness. It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will make you feel
depressed for a moment or a long time.
Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer. They only feel glad when they make others feel bad. No wonder they can hardly win others' pity or respect.
When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted. When the dagger(匕首)of a negative person is put in you, you feel the heavy feeling that all in all, brings you down.
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people. This could be a co-worker, or a relative. In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible. Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person, but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won't feel ashamed of themselves about that.
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to(附着) you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative. Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible.【2015高考模拟卷】
9. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ____ .
A. make a comparison B. offer an evidence
C. introduce a topic D. describe a daily scene
10. How can negative people have effect on us?____
A. By influencing our emotion.
B. By telling us the nature of life.
C. By changing our ways of thinking.
D. By comparing their attitudes to life with ours.
11. According to the passage, to reduce negative people's influence on us, we are advised to ___ .
A. change negative people's attitudes to life
B. show our dissatisfaction to negative people
C. make negative people feel ashamed of themselves
D. communicate with negative people as little as possible
12. What is the author's attitude towards negative people?
A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive.

好句翻译与积累：
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to(附着) you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative. Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible.
反思：
我认为解答此类题目需要注意的是：

D
Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail(地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.
Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.
Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.
Hours of Service
Open: 5 a.m Mon—Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun.
Close: midnight Sun—Thur. 3a.m. Fri—Sat. nights
Last train time vary. To avoid (避免) missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.
Metrobus
When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTripâ CARD the fare is $1.25
Fares for the Senior /disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripâ card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, or SmarTripâ cards and passes, please visit MetroOpenD or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100
Travel tips
·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.
·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.[2014年高考真题]
32. What should you know about farecard machines?
A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m. B. They are connected to change machines.
C. They offer special service to the elderly. D. They make change for no more than $5.
33. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?
A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 a.m. D. at 7 p.m.
34. What is good about a SmarTripâ card?
A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users
C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet.
35. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100
C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000

好句翻译与积累：

反思：
我认为解答此类题目需要注意的是：

8