时态语态讲解.doc

时态语态时态是表示不同时间发生的动作后存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式表示。语态是一种动词的形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。现在时一般现在时1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week,on Sundays等时间状语连用。（1）He takes a walk after supper every day.（2）My mother works at the same company as my father.2. 表示主语的性格，能力。（1）She has great concern for others.（2）Mary speaks both English and French very well.3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。（1）Light travels faster than sound（2） Japan lies to the east of China.4. 表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作。（1）The plane takes off at 10a.m.（2）When does the train leave for Shanghai?5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。（1）I cant leave unless my boss agrees.(2) When you see her, just tell her that I am all right.(3) Ill come to help you if I am free tomorrow.(4) When they leave school, they will go back to the country.现在进行时 amisare doing1. 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事（1）What are you doing, young man.（2）Its snowing outside.2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事(1)She is learning English at college.(2)John is losing hair3. 动作动词的进行时与always,forever等连用，表示重复的动作，这种动作可能使人感到厌倦或不合情理，有时表示赞赏满意。(1)Shes always scolding me.(2)Shes always working hard.4. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。(1)I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.(2)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.5. 表示按计划安排要做的事Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum.6. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。- Is this raincoat yours?- No, mine is hanging there behind the door.现在完成时 havehas done1. 表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与不确定的时间状语连用，如yet, recently, lately.（1）In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.（2）We have had too much rain this year.2. 表示“从过去某个时间点开始延续到现在”，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time, till now，in the past last few years.He has worked here for over twenty years.He ahs gone there three times so far.Great changes have taken place in the past 10 years in my hometown.3. It This is the first time that 和This is the best (worst, most interesting )+n. + that结构的从句要求用现在完成时。(1)This is the first time thatI have heard her sing.(2)Its the best film thatI have ever seen.4. 句中有since构成的时间状语或引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态。Where have you been since I last saw you?5. 在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。(1)I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.(2)I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.现在完成进行时 havehas been doing（1）表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.（2）表示动作刚刚结束（有时指出现结果）My clothes are wet, Ive been walking in the rain.（3）表示动作的重复性。（指断断续续，而非一直不停）She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别（1）强调的是某个动作刚刚完成，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性，强调动作的延续性。I have thought it over.I have been thinking it over.(2) 可以表示动作的重复性，一般不表示重复性。Have you been meeting him recently? 你经常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently? 你最近见过了他吗？3过去时一般过去时态did1. 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。常用的时间状语有：yesterday， last week / month/ year, last night, an hour ago, just now，the other day等。（1）The foreign guests visited Nanjing last spring.2. 表示过去的习惯动作When she was in the city, she often went to the Central Supermarket.3. 表示某种感情色彩You asked for it 你这是自找的I told you so. 我早就告诉过你4. 一般过去时在表示时间或条件等状语从句中代替过去将来时。We wouldnt leave until she came back.4. 语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已不再这样。(1)-Come in. Peter. I want to show you something.- Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.(2) Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it.过去进行时waswere writing过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时刻发生的动作或某段时间内一直进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：at this time yesterday, when he came in 等如：1. At nine oclock last night, I was counting the stars in the sky.2. When the girl came in, the two dogs were fighting for a bone.3.While I was preparing for the exam, the power was cut off.过去完成时had done过去完成时：别名“过去的过去。”考题中对该时态的使用有要求，只有当句中有一个动作是过去时，才有可能用过去完成。如：1. The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema.When I got to the railway station , the train had left.4将来时一般将来时be going to write /will write一般将来时： 除了用will + 动词原形表示该时态外，还有：1. be going to do sth： She is going to go abroad next year.2.be about to do sth： Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off.3. be to do sth： There is to be a class meeting this afternoon.将来完成时shallwill have written该时态只有一个考点，请大家注意与过去完成的区别：如：By the time he is ten, he will have built himself a chemistry lab.过去将来时：只有一个考点：用于主句的谓语动词是过去时态的间接引语中，遵循时态呼应原则。如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time.练习：1.A hunter is a man who _（catch） animals.2. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _(see) it several days ago. 3. That day he ._(wash) his clothes before he came to see me.4. I havent finished my composition. I _(write) for two hours and a half.5. I will take my daughter with me when I _(go) to Shanghai.6. I _(work) here since I moved here.7. Every time I _(go) there, I will buy him something nice.8. We wont go unless you _ soon.9. Dont get off the bus until it _(stop).10. This cloth _(wash)well and _(last) long. Ok. Ill take it. 11. By this time next year he _(graduate) from the college.12. Our teacher told us that the earth _(turn) from west to east.13. The air liner from Beijing _(arrive) at 3:00 p.m.14. The classroom _(measure) 30 feet long.15. The sun _( rise ) in the east and _( set ) in the west.16. The students _( listen ) to the teacher.17. He _( come ) to our school tomorrow.18. I _( have ) the car for two years.19. This is the first time that I_( hear ) her sing.20. He told me that he _( see ) her.21. The bus _( arrive ) ten minutes ago.22. She _ always _( change ) her mind.23. I _( wait ) for you for a long time.24. By the end of July , they _( treat ) 20000 patients.25. I _( call ) him yesterday.26. She saw it happen when she _( walk ) past.27. He _( prepare ) for the exam at this moment.28. I thought he _( be)an honest man.29. She said that they _( visit ) the factory next week.30. After we finish this text, we _( learn ) 20 texts.句子翻译：1、中国位于亚洲东部。2、去年夏天，我们在欧洲旅行了一个月。3、下个月，我们将去参观博物馆。4、她说她会在七点到达。5、他们正在操场踢足球。6、她老是和别人吵架。7、昨天这个时候你在干什么？8、自从1960年开始他就一直住在美国。9、他告诉我们他看过那部电影。10、到这个月底为止，我们就能完成这项工作了。11、我有些累因为我上午一直在打篮球。12、自从我来这里，一切都改变了。13、她明天启程去上海。14、当他还是小孩子的时候，他就对画画产生了兴趣。15、晚上，我经常看电视。4