语法-虚拟语气.doc

非真实条件状语从句
表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If 主语 +had+done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
1．If I had gotten there earlier,I should/could have met her.
2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.

表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句 ：If 主语 +过去时(Be动词用were)
主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+do：
注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
7．If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.

表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.

错综条件句
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
If he knew her,he would have greeted her.

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首。eg：
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
Were she here,she would agree with us.
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.

含蓄条件句
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。

让步状语从句的虚拟语气
1、在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句 中用may/might+动词原形 ，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时 ，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句 结构相同。
Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.

2、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句 中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
指现在或将来：may +do。
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
We will find him wherever he may be.
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
指过去：may +have done 。
You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.

目的状语从句的虚拟语气
1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，从句谓语为：should + do。且should能省略。
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.

2、在so that,in order that 所引导的从句中，从句谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do 。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.

宾语从句的虚拟语气
一想要( desire ) 一宁愿( prefer ) 一坚持( insist )二命令( order , command ) 三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。
eg：He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demanded that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去 had + done
现在 过去时(be 用were )
将来 过去时(be 用were )
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
I'd rather you were here now.
We'd rather you went here tomorrow.

同位语从句的虚拟语气
It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式） ，即从句用虚拟过去式。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早该上班了。

表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。
Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
It is strange that such a person should be our friend.

简单句的虚拟语气
1、表示客气的建议或邀请，其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。
Would you mind me shutting the door?
You should always learn this lesson by heart.
I should agree with you.
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
Could I use your bike now?
I should be glad to meet you.
I would try my best to help you.

2、表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语 + do。
May you have a good journey!
May your youth last forever!