定语从句要点背诵.doc

定语从句要点背诵
1 . 1) that, which
归纳：定语从句中，用that/ which都可指代_ 物__,that还可指代__人_
既可充当主语，又可充当宾语，在从句中作____宾语_ _时可以省略。
2) who, whom
归纳：定语从句中，用who/whom指代___人____。
在从句中充当主语时，用__who___。在从句中充当宾语时，用_whom__还可以省略。
3) whose
归纳：定语从句中，用whose指代_人或物__，表示“某人的”、“某物的”，在从句中充当___定语________。

2 whose + n = the + n + of which
= of which + the + n
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏了的那间教室将很快会被修理

3. 下列情况只用that而不用which （要求背诵）
（1）当先行词是all,anything, everything, nothing , none,much,little，(something除外)等不定代词时；
（2）当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰；
（3）先行词是序数词或最高级时或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
（4）行词中既有人又有物时；
（5）先行词被the only ,the very, the last, the same , 等修饰时;
（6）疑问词who, which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that；
（7）定语从句中作表语时。

4. 先行词+ that = what
He is no longer the boy that he used to be. I’ll tell you all that he told me.
= He is no longer what he used to be. = I’ll tell you what he told me.
他不在是过去的那个孩子了。 我会告诉你他所告诉我的一切。

5. 介词提前，只可使用“介词+which/whom”结构, 且which和whom 不能省略。根据先行词选用关系代词，whom指人 which指物。不能出现“介词+that”

6. 固定的短语不能拆开：如look for ,look after, look forward to ,take care of
This is person who/whom/that you are looking for. 这是你在找的人。
This is the very person that you are looking for. 这正是你在找的人。

7. 1) 先行词way在从句中作方式状语，用that / in which , 且可以省略。
I don’t like the way (in which / that) you treat your father.
我不喜欢你对待你父亲的方式。
I don’t like the way (in which / that) you speak to your teacher.
我不喜欢你对你老师讲话的方式。
2) 先行词way在从句中作主语或宾语，用that / which 作宾语时可以省略。
This is the way that /which he thought of to solve the problem.
这是他想到的解决问题的方式。

7. His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.
=His wife got seriously ill, and in that case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.
  他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。

8. 介词+ which + 名词（特殊形式）
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, whose effects the people are still suffering from.
= Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.
上个月，东南亚部分地区受到洪水袭击，人们仍然遭受洪水带来的影响。
The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions
The manager in whose company I'm working pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
  我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

9. 关系副词=介词+which，两者可相互替换
why = for which where =in/at/on…… which
when =during/in/at/on ……which

10. 1. I still remember the days when /on which we stayed together in Beijing.
2. I still remember the days (that / which) we spent together in Beijing.
3. That blue house is the place where/ in which I lived yesterday.
4. That blue house is the place (that/ which) I visited yesterday.
5. Do you know the reason why/for which he was late this morning?
6. Do you know the reason (that/ which) he gave for his being late?

11. 当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等表示情况，方面，处境的名词，且在定语从句中充当状语时，用关系副词where，表示抽象的地点。

12. Is this the museum (that / which) you visited yesterday?
  Is this the museum where/ in which the exhibition was held?
Is this museum the one (that / which) you visited yesterday? 缺先行词补先行词
  Is this museum the one where/ in which the exhibition was held?
12. Anyone who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.
= Whoever is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.
= Those who are late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 明天会议迟到的人将会被惩罚