定语从句精讲精练.doc

定语从句精讲精练
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰一个________或______的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有_____________和_______________。关系代词有_____＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿等；
关系副词有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二 关系词用法表格 （请在其用法下打上）

先行词是物
先行词是人
定语
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
主
宾
主

宾

关系代词
which

that

who

whom

whose

关系副词
where

when

Why

三 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
考点分析：
一 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
(1) Have you taken down everything _______Mr. Li has said?
(2) _______ that can be done has been done.
(3) The first place ________ they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(4) This is the best film ______ I have seen.
(5) This is the very dictionary ________ I want to buy.
(6) Who is the man _______ is standing there?
(7) Can you remember the scientist and his theory _______ we have learned?

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时,如1,2
2. 当先行词被_________修饰,如3
3. 当先行词被__________修饰时,如4
4. 当形容词被_______, the only修饰时,如5
5. 当先行词前面有_______, which等疑问代词时,如6
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时,如7
二 定语从句只用which的情况
1The room in ______I study is very cool in summer.
2He bought the book yesterday, _______ he enjoyed very much.
3He stole some money, _______ made his father angry.
4What’s that _______ was put in the box?
5Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library ______ was newly open to us.
1_ 在关系代词前，只用which
2.________中，做主语和宾语只用which
3.代替前面的话，翻译为“这一点，这件事”。只能用which
4.先行词为_______，those时，只用which
5.有两个定语从句时，前面用_____，后面用______，避免重复
三 介词+关系代词
“of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ she could turn for help.
关系代词前介词的确定
1 Is that the newspaper _________you often write articles?
根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，
2. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _________I’m sure.
根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
3. 1949 was the year________ the P.R.C. was founded.
根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，
4. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of _have been to Beijing.
非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
5. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, _________the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door ___________open to the south.
Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
用适当的介词填空
1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ _______ which we can’t live.
2. The student _______ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day ____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason _____ which he hasn’t turned up yet?
考点四：as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
_______we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
Such books ______you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan _____you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。
She has married again, ______was expected She has married again,______ was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, ______was expected.
Tom has made great progress, ______made us happy.
5 当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
Tom drinks a lot every day, _____his wife doesn’t like at all.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
Tom was always late for school, ______made his teacher angry.
要点提示:1. 在限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:the same...as,as...as,not so / as...as, such...as 等。 2.在非限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:as we all know(=as is known to us all),as is said(reported,mentioned,etc.)above,as it is等,可置于句首、句中或句末。

考点五 ：定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性
定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。
用适当的be动词填空
He is the only one of the students who ______here just now.
He is one of the students who _________here just now.
如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句，一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时，先行词则为one。
改错题：
1.Those who has finished may go home．
2.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
3.This is one of the rooms that is free now
4. Anyone who break the law will be punished．
考点六 ; 定语从句与强调结构
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
强调句的结构:It is / was+强调部分+that/ who + 句子.若去掉It is / was...that/ who ...句子结构仍然完整,就为强调句.
用适当的词填空
1.It is the playground _____ I picked up this wallet.
2.It is on the playground _____ I picked up this wallet.
3 It was four clock ___________ they got there.
4 It was at four clock ___________ they got there .
考点七：定语从句与并列结构
He has two sons, neither of _______looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of ________looks like him.
考点八：区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是_______；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是________ (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由_______引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由___________________________________等词引导，充当成分
判别下列句子哪些是定语从句，哪些是同位语从句
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
（5）His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.
（6）Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.
（7）The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.
（8）. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?
（9） Is this the company where your father works?
（10） . This is the reason that he gave for his absence.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位语
(2) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

定语从句做题步骤:
1.找先行词， 2.选关系词，3.看其成分，代、副看分明，千万别忘记。
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。
实战演练
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17 They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

二 改错题
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.

2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?

3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.

4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.

5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.

6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.

7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.

8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.

9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.

10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.

11. We heard the news which our team won the game.

12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.

13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.

14. That was the reason because she looked old.

15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.

16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.

17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.

18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.

19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.

20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.

21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.

22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.

23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.

24. The bike by which I travelled was his.

三 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
2.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
3.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
5.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are   working.
6 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
   7.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
   8.I'm interested in all  ______you have said.
   9.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
   10.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
   11.He is good at English, ______we all know.
   12.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
  13.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
  14 In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
15 I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.   
16.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
17.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
18  He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
19 I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
20   Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? 
四 用适当的介词加关系词填空
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
7.The pen ______he is writing is mine
8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
 9.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.            
10.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
五 定语从句相似句型精练。
1. 1) This is one of the most interesting films ____ shown last week.
2) This is the only (very) one of the most interesting films ____ shown last week.
A. which was  B. that was   C. which were   D. that were
2. 1) He has two sons, _____ are college students.
2) He has two sons, and  _____ are college students.
A. both of which   B. both of whom  C. both of them
3. 1) He still lives in the room ______ window faces to the east.
2) He still lives in the room , the window ______ faces to the east.
3) He still lives in the room ______ is in the north of the city.
4) He still lives in the room ______ there is a beautiful table.
      A. which   B. whose    C. where   D. of which
4. 1) _____ we all know, China, is rich in natural resources.
2) _____ is well- known that China is rich in natural resources.
3) _____ is well- known, China is rich in natural resources.
A. Which   B. As     C. It     D. That
5. 1) I will never forget the days ______ we studied together.
2) I will never forget the days ______ we spent together.
A. that   B. on when    C. when    D. on which
6. 1) Galileo collected facts _____ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
2) Galileo collected facts _____ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that    B. which     C. 不填      D. A and B
7. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
2) It was at eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
A. which     B. that     C. when     D. on which
8. 1) It was in 1969 _____ two Americans got to the moon by spaceship.
2) It was 1969 _____ two Americans got to the moon by spaceship.
A. which    B. when     C. that      D.as
9. 1) The soldiers left the village _____ they arrived yesterday evening.
2) The soldiers started from the village _____ they stayed yesterday.
A. on which   B. that    C. at which     D. where
10. 1) _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
2) _____ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
3) _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone    B. Who    C. Those    D. Whoever
11. 1) Is this the factory _____ you visited last year?
2) Is this factory _____ you visited last year?
3) This is the factory _____ he works.
4) This is the factory _____ we paid a visit yesterday.
A. where    B. that     C. the one       D. to which
12. 1) The doctor, _____ help the engineer managed to invent a new instrument, was praised.
2) The doctor, _____ helped the engineer manage to invent a new instrument, was praised.
A. that     B. with whose   C. who    D. whom
13. 1) Beijing is the most beautiful city, ____ has a population of over 10,000,000.
2) Beijing is the most beautiful city ____ I have ever visited.
3) Beijing is the most beautiful city, ____ I spent my last summer holiday.
A. which    B. that     C. where      D. as
14. 1)The only spade, with ____ we planted trees, is missing.
2) The only spade ____ we planted trees with is missing.
A. which     B. that     C. whose     D. whom
15. 1) I want to buy the same watch ______ you are wearing.
2) This is the same watch _____ I lost in the hotel.
A. as       B. that      C. which      D. who

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