宾语从句专项复习.docx

宾语从句专项复习
宾语从句定义：就是在句子中充当宾语的从句，叫做宾语从句。
难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析
考点梳理：
一、 宾语从句的连接词：
1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,由that引导, 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，也无词义，常被省略。
例如:I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to
travel was by plane.
2) 当宾语从句由一般疑问句 充当时,由if或whether引导, 它们起连接作用在从句中不
作 句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether
or not I was coming.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②介词在前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3) 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句 充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词, 连接代词who, whom,
whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，
作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he
got so much money.
【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do
with the presents.
2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、 宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语
和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”
à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
三、 宾语从句的时态呼应：
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句
谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、 其他需要说明的问题：
1.标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall.
Can you tell me which bus I should take?
1、 要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
2、 宾语从句的附加疑问句
宾语从句的复合句在变成反意疑问句时，如果主句的谓语动词为 think, guess, believe, suppose 等且主语为第一人称时，附加部分要由从句决定；如果主句不是 think 等上述动词或谓语动词是这些词且主语不是第一人称时，附加部分由主句决定。如：
I think that he is right, isn't he?
I don't believe he is a student, is he?
He supposes that she will come tonight, doesn't he?
He never said he was a good student, did he?
▲五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如
果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1、 可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句
只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、 从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状
语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，
充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
3、 从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根
据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若
主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said ____that___ these flowers _were_ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _that___light _travles___ faster than sound.
3． There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know .
Jack didn’t know __that___ there would_____ _be___ a meeting in five days.
4． Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5． Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who kneows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8． Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ ____ her car?
9． What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10． Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A . where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew_______.
A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ____the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had leftD. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see _________
A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father ___.
A. where it happens   B. where did it happen
C. how it happened    D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do   B. what should we do
C. how to do it       D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
　 A. how check  B. to check  C. how to check  D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
  三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ______ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)