英语基本句型之一：主系表结构.doc

英语基本句型讲练
1. 主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语
Link verbs: be, look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell, become, go, turn, get, grow, prove, fall, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, turn out
e.g. 1) Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out
2) Her job is looking after the baby.
3) This dictionary is not hers but mine.
4) She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad.
5) It is no use/ useless doing it now.
2. Exx.(高考书面表达P6)
Grammar Link verbs
系动词又叫连系动词：它是中学英语中的重要语法项目之一，也是历届高考考查重点和热点。
I：用法
连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。
II：分类
英语中最常用的连系动词有20个左右，一般分为四类：
1：“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有：be (是)， seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove (证明是) 等。例如：
You are a student, aren’t you?你是学生，对吗？
He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations.他对考试结果很失望。
Who looks after your dog while you are out? 你不在家谁来照料你的小狗？
The theory he stuck to proved (to be) correct.他所坚持的理论证明是正确的。
The maths problem seems difficult. 这道数学题似乎很难。
She appears much younger than she really is. 她看上去比实际上年轻。
（be动词，其后面可以是名词、形容词、分词、副词、介词短语等作表语）
2：感官（动词）类
表示感情状态的五个感官动词：look看上去, feel摸起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来: （它们一般不用进行时，也不用被动态）
You looks very happy today, what’s the good news? 你今天看来很高兴，什么好消息？
What you said sounds reasonable? 你说的话听起来很有道理。
The apple tastes good and sells well. 这苹果尝起来很甜，而且很好卖
The dish smelled good(sweet)．　那道菜闻起来好香。
　3：“持续”类：表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续、仍旧)，stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如：
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？It will stay fresh for several days.
为什么不把肉放在冰箱里？那样可以保鲜好几天。
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
已经10点了，这商店还关着门。怎么回事？
Keep still while I photograph you.我在给你照相时不要乱动。
The weather continued cold.天气持续寒冷。
My father continues in good health.我爸依旧身体健康
The door stood open. 门开着。
4. “变化”类：表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态。常见的有：become (变成)，turn (变成)，grow (变得)，go (变得)等。例如：Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
把鱼放在冰箱里，否则会变坏的。
Spring comes and the trees turn green. 春天来了，树叶变绿了。
It is five years since he became a soldier.他参军五年了。
注意：
1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如：feel，taste等词。
　2. 一般情况下，连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如：
　 Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有：be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等。
The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长依然是个问题。
He went to New York in 1986, where some time later he became a writer.
他1986年去了纽约，过了一段时间他在那成了一位作家。
注：turn后跟 (表示主语身份的)名词作表语时，不加冠词。例如：
　　 Twenty years later, he turned teacher. 二十年后，他成了作家。
　4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be)，常见的有： appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如。Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
出国旅游对这对老夫妇来说当然很好，但他们能否玩得愉快还有待看结果。
　　 On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. 在这次长途旅行中，皮特证明是一位很有趣的导游。我们都玩得很开心。

Exercises （A）高考链接

1. The traffic lights __________ green and I pulled away. (2006广东)
A. came B. grew C. got D. went
2. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海)
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
3. －I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
－_______good. (2006湖北)
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
4. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ___ a good researcher. (2006山东) A. make B. turn C. get D. grow
5. Tom sounds very much __________ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽)
A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly
6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______whether they will enjoy it. (2002全国)   A. to see    B. to be seen   C. seeing    D. seen
7. The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (2006全国)
  A. was felt  B. is felt   C. felt   D. feels
8. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ fresh for several days. (2003全国)
    A. be stayed    B. stay    C. be staying     D. have stayed
9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____ as the plane was making a landing. (2004上海春) A. seat 　B. seating　C. seated　D. to be seating
10. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _____ run over by a car. (2002北京) A. have　　 B. get 　 C. become　　 D. passed
11. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _____ twenty-one already. (2004天津)
A. become B. turned　　 C. grown　 D. passed
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party. (2004全国Ⅱ)
A. get changed　　B. get change C. get changing 　D. get to change
13. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale. (2004湖北)
A. got　 B. changed　 C. went　 D. appeared
14. Emergency line operators must always calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.（07湖北）
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
15．Please remain______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (07山东)
A．to seal B．to be seated C．seating D．seated
16.－Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
－No, dear. They don’t ___ well. Put them in the fridge instead.(02北京)
A. keep B. fit C. get D. last
17. My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve（07江苏）
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
18. －Do you like the material?
－Yes, it _____ very soft. ((94全国) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
19. What he said sounds_______. (1993上海)
    A. nicely     B. pleasantly    C. friendly      D. wonderfully
20. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor. (2002春上海)
A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues
21．—Do you like the material?
—Yes, it _____ very soft. (1994全国)
A. is feeling　 　B. felt　　 C. feels　　 D. is felt

（B）巩固训练
1. He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became _____.
   A. a teacher; a doctor     B. teacher; doctor   C. teacher; a doctor        D. a teacher; doctor
2. The dog _____lost yesterday.
    A. got    B. became    C. turned      D. fell
3. The old man must have ____ mad.
    A. gone    B. turned    C. fallen   D. driven
4. I am afraid the weather will _____ hot for a few days.
    A. last  B. be lasted  C. stay  D. be stayed
5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does　 　 B. feels　　 C. gets　　 D. makes
6. It was so large a hall that a hundred people looked ___ in it.
A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
7. As time went on, the theory he stuck ______ correct.
A. to proving B. to prove C. to proved D. proved
8.－Why do you look so sad?
－There are many problems _________.
A remaining to settle B. remained to settle
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
9.After the big flood, very little ______ in the house.
A. kept B. remained C. left D. continued
10. ________________, the bananas sold well.
A. Looking nice and tasting good B. looked nice and tasted good
C. Looking nicely and tasting well D. Being looked nice and tasted good

答案：1—5 DBDAA 6—10 BCBCB 11—15 BACDD 16—20 ADCCB
Key: 1—5 CAACB 6—10 BCCBA
There be 结构：历年高考真题与提升训练选编
1. ____ is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.(1991上海)
A．It has B. There has C. It is D. There is
2. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. _____ must be something wrong with it.(1999 A. It B. There C. This D. That
3. Since you have repaired my TV set, _____ is no need for me to buy a new one.(2002上海春 A. it B. there C. this D. that
4. _____ ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers.
A. It B. There C. He D. That
5.There seems to be something wrong about it,______?
A. wasn’t there B. isn’t it C. doesn’t it D. doesn’t there
6. The waiter spilled wine on the carpet but ____ was no harm done.
A. this B. it C. that D. there
7. There _____ no buses, we had to go home on foot.
A. are B. were C. being D. to be
8. Once upon a time______ a poor farmer who had four sons.
A. there lived B. there had C. it had D. they had
9. ________ great changes in our school since last year.
A. There were B. There had been C. There have had D. There have been
10. There ____two apples, one watermelon and some bananas in the basket.
A. was B. is C. has D. are
Key: 1—5 DBBBD 6—10 DCADD

B. There + be+主语（存在句型）专练

1. 英语中的there be 结构主要表示某处存在某物，通常还被称为存在句。其实there be结构属于一种倒装句，there 放在句首的倒装，be动词是谓语动词，主语是句子后的名词。
问：学习there be 句型要注意哪些方面？
答：学习there be句型应注意以下几个方面
1. there be 结构的主谓一致问题
在there be句型中，如果句子只有一个主语，谓语动词的数取决于be后面的名词，即：若主语是不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数。如果句子有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
There is still a little water in my cup. 我杯子里还有点水。
There is a teacher and several students over there.
那边有一位老师和几个学生。
There are a number of students playing football on the playground.
操场上有几个学生踢球。
2．用于there be结构的动词
在there be结构中，并不是只能用be动词，还可以用lie, stand ,live, exist等动词。如：
Once upon a time there lived six blind man in India.
很久以前，印度有六个盲人。
There lies a river at the back of our school.
我们学校后面有条河。
There stands a temple on the top of the hill. 山上有座庙。
3．there be 结构的时态
there be 结构的时态有谓语动词be的形式来体现，主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。如：
There will be an important meeting tomorrow.明天有个重要会议。
There have been great changes in our hometown in the past twenty years.
在过去的20年，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
There was a small pond in our village then. 那时我们村有个小池塘。
1． there be 结构与情态动词连用
there be 结构可与can, may, must, should, ought to, used to等情态动词连用。如：
There may be an opportunity for you to see our manager.
你可能有机会见到我们的经理。
There must be something wrong. 肯定出了问题。
There shouldn’t be a bus at this time. 在这个时候不应该有公交车了。
There used to be a river here before liberation. 解放前这里有条河。
2． there be 结构的非谓语动词形式
there be 结构的非谓语动词形式主要有两种，即there being和 there to be.一般来说，there being 结构主要用于作状语和介词宾语；there to be结构主要用于作动词宾语。如：There being no bus and no taxi, we had to walk home.
由于没有公交车也打不到出租车，我们不得不步行回家。
We expect there to be more discussion about this.
我们期望能对此开展更多的讨论。