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1、常用英语语法术语表达语法grammar句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类partofspeech 单词word 实词notionalword 虚词structuralword 单纯词simpleword派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性partofspeech 名词noun 专有名词propernoun 普通名词commonnoun 可数名词countablenoun 不可数名词uncountablenoun 抽象名词abstractnoun 具体名词concre
2、tenoun 物质名词materialnoun 集体名词collectivenoun 个体名词individualnoun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词mainverb 及物动词transitiveverb 不及物动词intransitiveverb 系动词linkverb 助动词auxiliaryverb 情态动词modalverb 规则动词regularverb 不规则动词irregularverb 短语动词phrasalverb 限定动词finiteverb 非限定动词infiniteverb 使役动词causativeverb感官动词ve
3、rbofsenses 动态动词dynamic verb 静态动词stateverb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective副词adverb 方式副词adverbofmanner 程度副词adverbofdegree 时间副词adverboftime 地点副词adverbofplace 修饰性副词adverb ofadjunct 连接性副词adverb of conjunct 疑问副词interrogativeadverb 关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun 人称代词personalpronoun 物主代词possessivepronoun 反身代词refle
4、xivepronoun 相互代词reciprocalpronoun 指示代词demonstrativepronoun 疑问代词interrogativepronoun 关系代词relativepronoun 不定代词indefinitepronoun 名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun 形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun 冠词article 定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral 基数词cardinalnumeral 序数词ordinalnumeral 分数词fractio
5、nalnumeral 形式form 单数形式singularform 复数形式pluralform 限定动词finiteverbform 非限定动词non-finiteverbform 原形baseform 从句clause 从属句subordinateclause 并列句coordinateclause 名词从句nominalclause 定语从句attributiveclause 状语从句adverbialclause 宾语从句objectclause 主语从句subjectclause 同位语从句appositiveclause 时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime 地
6、点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace 方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner 让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession 原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause 结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult 目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose 条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition 真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition 非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition 含蓄条件
7、句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition 错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition 句子sentence 简单句simplesentence 并列句compoundsentence 复合句complexsentence 并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence 陈述句declarativesentence 疑问句interrogativesentence 一般疑问句generalquestion 特殊疑问句specialquestion 选择疑问句alternativequestion 附加疑问句tagquestion
8、 反义疑问句disjunctivequestion 修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion 感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion 存在句existentialsentence 肯定句positivesentence 基本句型basicsentencepatern 否定句negativesentence 祈使句imperativesentence 省略句ellipticalsentence 感叹句exclamatorysentence 句子成分membersofsentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dualobject 直接宾语
9、directobject 间接宾语indirectobject 复合宾语complexobject 同源宾语cognateobject 补语complement 主补subjectcomplement 宾补objectcomplement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial 句法关系syntacticrelationship 并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction 双重限
10、制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction 数number 单数形式singularform 复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform 不规则形式irregularform 格case 普通格commoncase 所有格possessivecase 主格nominativecase 宾格objectivecase 性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter 人称person 第一人称firstperson 第二人称secondperson 第三人称thirdperson 时态tense 过
11、去将来时pastfuturetense 过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense 过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense 一般现在时simplepresenttense 一般过去时simplepasttense 一般将来时simple futuretense 现在完成时pastperfecttense 过去完成时presentperfecttense 将来完成时futureperfecttense 现在进行时presentcontinuoustense 过去进行时pastcontinuoustense 将来进行时futurecontinuousten
12、se 过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense 现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense 过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense 语态voice主动语态activevoice 被动语态passivevoice 语气mood 陈述语气indicativemood 祈使语气imperativemood 虚拟语气subjunctivemood 否定negation 否定范围scopeofnegation 全部否定fullnegation 局部否定partialnegation 转移否定shiftofnegation语
13、序order 自然语序naturalorder 倒装语序inversion 全部倒装fullinversion 部分倒装partialinversion 直接引语directspeech 间接引语indirectspeech 自由直接引语freedirectspeech 自由间接引语freeindirectspeech 一致agreement 主谓一致subject-predicateagreement 语法一致grammaticalagreement 概念一致notionalagreement 就近原则principleofproximity 强调emphasis 重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone 升调risingtone 降调fallingtone 降升调falling-risingtone 文体style 正式文体formal 非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oralEnglish 套语formulisticexpression 英国英语BritishEnglish 美国英语AmericanEnglish 用法usage 感情色彩emotionalcoloring 褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic
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