2012届高考英语二轮复习-翻译专项精讲.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题复习翻译专项精讲
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课程进度
第 xx 次课
课程标题
翻译专题
学生对象： 高三
教学目标
提高对翻译的认识，激发兴趣
掌握基本的翻译方法与技巧
教学安排一览

事项
时间
1
导入：认识翻译
20分钟
2
讲解翻译方法与技巧
45分钟
3
历年高考成语、谚语翻译讲解
25分钟
4
课堂练习
15分钟
5
总结回忆本次课内容
10分钟
6
布置家庭作业
5分钟
7

8

9

10

Review
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. DFCEB
The great impact and progress in genetic engineering
Worries about privacy protection
Worries about medical use of genetic engineering
Genetic knowledge helps to predict diseases
Genetic knowledge may not be properly used
The application of genetic engineering in the medical fields

1.
Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions (易患某病倾向) to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child’s genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4, 000 genetic diseases that affect human beings.

2.
The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious disease. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes (中风). But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.

3.
Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allows. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?

4.
Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical (道德的) choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not “play God”. He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.
5.
One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patient’s permission. Most people would agree that one’s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases from the list given below. Change the form where necessary.
course obsess vital consequence growl
foresee obese mighty ingredient doomed
Her investment had disastrous _______ — she lost everything she owned.
The new technology was _______ for the success of the company.
Many people become _______ because they eat too many sweets.
Though I can _______ the difficulties facing me, I still want to have a try.
When the prisoner tried to get up out of his chair, the guard ________, “Sit down!”
They looked forward to seeing the _______ ocean.
The plan was _______ to failure.
The path follows the _______ of the river.
She was _______ with the idea that she was being watched.
The _______ of dumplings include pork and cabbage.
Keys: 1. consequences 2. vital 3. obese 4. foresee 5. growled 6. mighty 7. doomed 8. course 9. obsessed 10. ingredient
Introduction
〖思考〗
What is Translation?
Translation refers to a linguistic practice of employing one language to realize the thoughts expressed in another language exactly and completely.
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言活动。
关键词：内容；准确；完整

例1：遇见多日不见的外国朋友，打招呼说：“你好吗？”
(√) How are you? / How is everything? / How is it going? / How are you getting along?
(×) Are you good?
例2：玫瑰有一种优雅的美, 因此常被比作爱情。（compare）
(√) Roses have a delicate/ refined/ graceful/ elegant beauty, therefore they are often compared to love.
(×) Roses have a special beauty, so they are compared with love.
例3：那个穿着蓝格子连衣裙的漂亮女子是个考古学家。(archaeologist)
(√) That pretty woman wearing a blue checked dress is an archaeologist.
(×) That pretty woman wearing a blue dress is an archaeologist.
What is Behind Translation?
Translation is a reflection of linguistic or cultural differences between countries.

How to Translate?
Four Steps of Translation Strategy
翻译策略四步法或十六字诀。

注：中文解说为教师用语；学生版本则以图形、信息要点为主。
Presentation—翻译“策略四步法”
下面为大家细致地讲解翻译“策略四步法。”

Step 1—分析军情
在做翻译题时，我们需要对中文原句进行分析。分析什么？分析以下四点：
句子的种类和类型
句子的“种类”是依据交际用途划分的；而句子的“类型”是依据句子结构划分的。

（很显然：不同的中文句子，要求对应的英文句子以不同的标点符号结尾。）

句子的类型
• 并列连词连接了带有从句的并列句。

句子的中文含义
确保透彻理解了中文原句的含义。
时态
读完中文原句后，确定句子时态。句子所说的情况是发生在过去、现在、还是将来？根据句义，选择确切的时态。
语态
当中文原句中缺少主语时，应立即想起运用被动语态。当然也可自行加入适当的主语。

实战演练
以2010年上海高考真题为例，演示这“四步法”：
实战演练1：
5. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）
Step 1: 分析军情
句子种类
陈述句，以句号结尾。
句子类型
主从复合句 — 宾语从句
中文含义
没有难词，易于理解。
时态
陈述事实，用一般现在时即可。
语态
在宾语从句中，缺少主语，故采用被动语态。
Step 2—排兵布阵
所谓“排兵布阵”，指的是在翻译汉语的过程中，要合理安排主要信息及次要信息。
主将或主干： 合适的主谓结构
副手： 介词短语、从句、非谓语动词形式、独立主格形式等
关键性人员： 翻译题中所给的关键词

实战演练
Step 2: 排兵布阵

(once) the conclusion of the investigation drawn/made
We agree

as soon as possible make sth. known to the public
Step 3—因势利导
做翻译题，我们需要顺着什么样的“势”呢？顺着语法规则和词语用法的“势”。因势利导，这里指的是根据语法规则，词语用法及英语的习惯性表达方式等，将我们已分析好的所有句子成分准确无误地串联起来。
实战演练
Step 3: 因势利导

(once) the conclusion of the investigation (is) drawn/made
We (all) agree (that)

it (will be) made known to the public (as soon as possible)

Step 4—无懈可击
为了做到“无懈可击”，我们需要对写好的句子进行全方位的检查，防止有任何疏漏。检查的内容包括语法是否规范，词语用法是否准确，信息是否有遗漏，最后，单词拼写是否正确，首字母是否大写，标点符号是否运用正确。
实战演练
Step 4: 无懈可击
译文：We all agree that once the conclusion of investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon as possible.
实战演练 2:
以2006年上海高考真题为例：
6. 我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。（satisfaction）
Step 1 分析军情
句子种类
陈述句，以句号结尾
句子类型
并列复合句
中文含义
“有求必应”可转化为“乐于助人”
时态
陈述事实，用一般现在时即可
语态
主动语态

Step 2 排兵布阵
( ) I ask her for advice
to my satisfaction
She is ( ) ready to help, and explains

Step 3 因势利导
(Whenever/ Every time) I ask her for advice
to my (full ) satisfaction
She is ( always ) ready to help, and explains

Step 4 无懈可击
译文：Every time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help, and explains to my full satisfaction.
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