2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二卷.doc

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二卷
英语二（科目代码：204）
· 英语完形
· 英语阅读理解
· 小标题
· 翻译
· 英语应用文写作
· 英语图表写作
· 英语答卷
英语完形
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
    People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again   1   that technology be replacing human workers Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by   2  . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. 
    A different and not mutually exclusive   3   holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one   4   by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives   5  , people will simply become lazy and depressed.   6  , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for   7   Americans. Also, some research suggests that the  8   for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting   9   poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many  10      the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
    But it doesn’t   11   follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the   12   of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the   13   of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could    14   strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the   15   of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
    These days, because leisure time is relatively   16   for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional   17   of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel   18    ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself   19   a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for   20   matters.

1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

【答案】[C] warning

2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

【答案】[A] inequality

3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

【答案】[D] prediction

4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

【答案】[A] characterized

5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

【答案】[B] meaning

6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

【答案】[B] Indeed

7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

【答案】[C] working

8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

【答案】[A] explanation

9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

【答案】[D] among

10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

【答案】[C] worry about

11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

【答案】[C] necessarily

12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

【答案】[B] downsides

13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

【答案】[A] absence

14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

【答案】[D] yield

15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

【答案】[C] virtue

16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

【答案】[D] scarce

17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
【答案】[A] demands

18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

【答案】[B] tired

19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

【答案】[D] into

20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

【答案】[B] professional

英语阅读理解
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
    Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
    Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.
    Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
    Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has         .
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D] become an official festival
【答案】[A] gained great popularity
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to            .
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
【答案】[B] promote sport participation
23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it               .
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism
24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should              .
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities
25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is               .
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
【答案】[B] critical
Text 2
      With so much focus on children use of screens, it is easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “tech is designed to really suck you in ,”says jenny pedesky in her study of diital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement . it makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
      Pedesky has studied the use of mobile phone and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise stared 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer bnonverbal interaction with their children. During a separate observation she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
      Infants are wired to look at parents faces try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Padesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist. Ed tronick in the 1970s. in it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to be a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says radesky.
      On the other hand, tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kid’s use of screens ate born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “it is based on a somewhat fantasized very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 3000words you are neglecting them” tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value it-particularyly if gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them to be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
【答案】[B] absorb user attention
27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication
28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
【答案】[A] give their parents some free time

Text 3
    Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.
    Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.
    If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_______.
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_______.
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3)