高中倒装句用法小结.doc

高中倒装句用法小结
蕲春高中补习学校 胡爱芳
倒装句必须弄清楚的两点：
1：若有主从句，哪句倒装。
2：部分倒装还是完全倒装。
倒装句分为全部倒装（将整个谓语置于主语之前）和部分倒装（把谓语的一部分，如be，have，助动词、情态动词等置于主语之前）。现将倒装句的重点、难点作一归纳，以利同学们真正掌握这一语法项目，了解其相关的高考动态。
一、使用全部倒装的情况
1、表示地点、方向、时间的副词（here, out, in up, down, back off, away, now, then等）位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词（go, come, leave, move, run, rush, , jump等）。如：
    Here is a telegram for you. 这儿有你一封电报。
    Down jumped the man from the horse. 那人从马上跳下来。
Away went the students.
Out he rushed.
There goes the bell.
但要注意的是：
  ① 在上述情况中，主语是代词时，则不用倒装。如：
    There he comes!他来了！
    Here you are.给你。
    In he came and the meeting began.他进来，会议就开始了
②不能用进行时。
2、表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如：
Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。
   Along the dusty road came a great many tourists.沿着尘土飞扬的道路来 了许多游客。
At the top of the mountain stands a temple.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and toys.
 3、表语位于句首时，倒装结构为：表语+联系动词+主语
例1 形容词+联系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor Wang and other guests.
The Most popular are young singers.最受欢迎的是青年歌手
例2 过去分词+联系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.
黑板上写着昨天迟到者的名单。
例3 现在分词+联系动词+主语
Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.一个长着两只大眼睛的腼腆女孩坐在屋子的后面。
4、直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如：
"Are you listening to English on the radio?" said Mother.
    但引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时，不倒装。如：
    "Light travels faster than sound," David said to her.光比声传播得快，”大卫对她说。
    "How dare you say so?" Mr. Smith said angrily.“你怎么敢这么说？”史密斯气愤地说
5、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
Long live our great country! 伟大的祖国万岁！‘
二、使用部分倒装的情况
    1、only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。但特别要强调的是连接一个状语从句时，从句不倒装，只是把主句部分倒装。如：
Only when I grew up did I realize the importance of the question.
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。
    但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如：
Only you can do it well.
Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
2、含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首时。如：
Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
 Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。
3、not until位于句首时。如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。
    在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：
Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
但要区分not until 引导的强调句型不倒装
It was not until he lost his health that he gave up drinking.
4、在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。如：
Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
 No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
5、not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。如：
Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。
 Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。
6、so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so / neither / nor＋ be / have / 助动词／情态动词＋主语”。如：
She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连，我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
但同意对方的看法，表示“是的、确实”之意时，用“so＋主语＋be / have／助动词／情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如：
—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party
—_______________, and so did I.
A. So she had　　B. So had she
    C. So she did　　D. So did she
    7、as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词／名词／动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如：
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
Young as he is ,he knows more than you.
    8、在so/such...that...结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如：
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.
那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。
Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。
9、在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时。如：
Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她现在在这儿，她就能照顾她的父母了。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should have seen you.要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
Should they forget (If they should forget)to bring a map with them. they would get lost in the forest.
10、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
May you be happy! 祝你幸福！