初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习(教师版).doc

初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习（教师版） 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。（一）细节题细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。1设题方式此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。其主要提问方式是：1） TrueorNOTtrue是非判断类型WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor?2）特殊疑问词提问类型 Howmany？What/who/when/where/how/why?3） 排序题类型 Whichoftheordersiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?4）例证题类型 Theauthorgivestheexampleinparagraphinorderto5） 表唯一细节概念题类型： themost/esttheonly2技巧点拨 做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。 是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。 例证题一定要注意以forexample,suchas等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most（最高级）、theonly（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。（1）题干定位法细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，然后直接到文中寻找相关信息。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。（2）跳读捕捉信息法针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用Skimming（略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。专项练习 （1）DearDisney,Lastweekend,thefourmembersofmyfamilyspentanenjoyableholidayattheMagicKingdom-Disneyland.Andoneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical.WegottothefrontofthelineatSpaceMountain,onlytofindoutthatourlittledaughterGloriacouldnttakeherice-creamontheride.Weweresoexcitedthatweallforgotice-creamwasnotallowedontheride.Gloriabrokeintotearsandweallhadnoideawhattodo.ThenMurphy,oneofthestaff(员工)members,cameover.ShebentdownandtoldGloriathatshewouldholdtheice-creamforherandgiveittoherwhenshefinishedtheride.Gloriasaid,Promise?ThenshegaveMurphyherice-cream,andshecompletelyenjoyedtheride.Sureenough,aswewalkedouttheexit,therewasGloriasnewfriendwithherice-cream.NowyouandIbothknowwhathappened,becauseweknowthatanice-creamwontlasttwentyminutesonasummerafternooninFlorida.Murphyknewwhattimewewouldgetofftheride;shewenttothenearestshopandboughtabrand-newice-creamthirtysecondsbeforewewalkedouttheexit.Gloriasaid,Thankyou,butImsureshethoughtitwasthesameice-cream. Weknowthatsomeonetriedhardtomakeourvisitspecial.Thankssomuchforgoingaboveandbeyond!Yourfan,CarmenRivera74.ThefamilysvisittotheMagicKingdomwas_.A)helpfulB)awfulC)frighteningD)amazing分析：细节题，从文章第一段“oneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical”，从magical的意思可以选出D选项。75. Beforetheride,Gloriacriedbecause_.A)shecouldntfindherparentsinthelineB)shewastoolittletotaketherideC)shecouldnttakeherice-creamontheride D)shehadtowaitfortwentyminutes分析：细节题，从文章的第二段，“Gloriacouldnttakeherice-creamontheride”可以选出C选项。76. MurphywaswaitingforGloria_aftertheride.A)intheice-creamshopB)attheexit C)inthefrontofthelineD)attheentrance分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“aswewalkedouttheexit”可以选出B的选项。77. Inordertokeepthepromise,Murphy_.A)tookGloriatothenearestshopB)askedhernewfriendtohelpGloriaC)helpedGloriagetofftherideD)boughtanewice-creamforGloria分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“boughtabrand-newice-cream”可以选出D选项。79.CarmenRiverawrotetheletterto_.A)orderice-creamsB)promisetovisitagainC)expressherthanksD)givesomesuggestions分析：细节题，从文章的最后一段，可以选出C的选项。注意express是表达的意思。（2）Youprobablyknowyoushouldsaypleaseandthankyouatrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbeniceloyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecanthearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh.TakeThemOff!YouneedtoknowwhentoturnyourMP3playeroffandputitaway.LibrariesandschoolsdontallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdonthaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesntmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportingevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileitsokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneanditsnotforyou.ItsYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.79. Noonewantstolistento_fromothersMP3players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstories C)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong【参考答案】A 细节题【思路解析】第二段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择A80.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic .A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustired C)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears【参考答案】D 细节题【思路解析】根据第二段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D82.Wecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_ A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents【参考答案】A 细节题【思路解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A（3）Thewaierlapwasleaking(漏水)again,andthenoisewasdrivingCassiecrazy.Cassielookedatherwatch.Itwasnearlynineoclock.Sheclimbedoutofbedandstoodonachairbytheshelf.HermothersMrFix-ItBookwasonthetopshelf.Cassiesteppeddownquietly.Shereadthebookquicklyuntilshefoundthepageshewaslookingfor.andthenbegantoreadcarefully.Next,Cassieopenedaboxinthekitchenandpickedoutthetoolssheneededahammer,awrench,andseveralsmallthings,itwasnoeasyjobforhertodotherepair,andshetriedseveraltimes.Finally,thewatertapwasinpieces.Onebyone.shecarefullylaidthemoutonthetable.Thatwayshewouldknowhowtheywentback.Whilethiswasgoingon.hercatwalkedovertowatchwhatshewasdoing.Cassieworkedlateintothenight.Atonepoint,shethoughtshewasdone.Oops!Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapart(分开)onemoretime.Thistimeshemadesureeverythingwasinplace.Sheturnedthewatertaponandthenoff.One.two.three.Shewaitedafullminute.Therewasnoleak!Cassiesmiledandputthetoolsbackintothebox.Thenshewentbackintobed.Thenextmorning.DadwasinthekitchenwhenCassiegotup.Noticeanything.Dad?sheasked.Helookedaroundandlistened.Hmm.somethingsmissing.Icantfindoutwhatitis.Wait,itstooquietinhere!Thatsright,Cassiesaid.Somethingismissing.Ifixedthewatertap.Itdoesntleakanymore”Thaismygirl,Dadsaid.Itsa.goodthingyouarereallylikeyourmother.78.Thenoiseof_wasdrivingCassiccrazy.A)thetapB)hercatC)herfatherD)theclock【参考答案】A 细节题【思路解析】本文第一句话：Thewaierlapwasleaking(水)again,andthenoisewasdrivingCassiecrazy.80. Cassietookthewatertapapartagainbecause_.A)shehadforgottenonepieceB)thetapwasstillleakingC)thecathadtakenonepieceawayD)shehadntunderstoodthebook【参考答案】A 细节题【思路解析】从第四段的第三句和第四句可以得出答案：Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapart(分开)onemoretime.81.Thewatertapwasntfixeduntil_.A)nineoclockB)latethatnightC)thenextmorningD)thenextafternoon【参考答案】B 细节题【思路解析】从第四段的第一句可以得出答案：Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapart(分开)onemoretime.此题考查的是时间，那么去文章中找的时候，可以看到ABC都出现过，一定要耐心的分析每个时间Cassie都做了什么。91. Intheend,_fixedthewatertap.A)CassiesmotherB)CassiesfatherC)Mr.Fix-It D)Cassie【参考答案】D 细节题【思路解析】从第四段的倒数第三句可以得出答案：Therewasnoleak!从文章最后Cassie和她爸爸的对话中也可以得出答案5