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1、英语语音知识 1. 元音： 单元音（12）：/ i: / i / e / [æ] / a: / / : / u / u: / / / : / 双元音（8）：/ ei / ai / i / i / u /ε/ u / au / 2. 辅音：（24） 按声带震动与否为： 清音：/ p / t / k / f / s / / h / θ / t / tr / ts / 浊音：/ b / d / g / v / z / m / n / / / /dr / dz / r / w / j / l / 3. 音节： 一个元音，或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节。[m
2、 n, l, N]和辅音音素结合，也可以构成一个音节。 有几个元音就有几个音节。 开音节： 绝对开音节：辅音字母 + 元音字母 相对开音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r）+ e （不发音） 在重读开音节中，元音字母都读作字母的发音。 闭音节： 元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r） 在重读闭音节中，元音字母a读作/A /， e 读作/ e /，I (y)读作/ I /，o读作/ R /，u读作/ u / 或 / Q /. （重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音。） 音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两
3、个辅音时，一个辅音属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅音属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 字母组合不能分开，必须划在一个音节内，如：ch, th, sh, ph, tr, dr 4．单词重音：
4、 在多音节或双音节词中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节。除了一些复合词外，一般说来，每个单词只有一个重读音节，重读音节用重音符号"’"来表示。单音节词不标重音符号，但必须重读。 双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ve
5、n-tor 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion 词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation 英语的基本拼读规则 总规则：1. 元音字母在重读开音节中一般读“字母”音；在闭音节中读“短”音 2．元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i] 但：yellow sparrow tomorrow everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackb
6、oard[:] 1．元音字母a及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外 a [ei] 在重读开音节中 grade，face，table，name have [æ] operate liberate hibernate[ei] hesitate celebtate [æ] 在重读闭音节中 map，practice，that，plan，hand [] w+a watch, what，wash，wallet water [:] [α:] a-n, ss sp sk st th f answ
7、er, grant, class, grasp, basket，fast，bath，after sand, stand land band [æ] [e:] many any ai，ay [ei] 在重读音节中 straight，afraid，paint，rain [i] 在非重读音节中 Monday，mountain，holiday，captain weekday[ ei] birthday[ ei] air [ε] 在重读音节中 repair，chair，hair，stair al [:] [:l] [α:]
8、 在n./ v. 中 在副词中 a-f/m chalk，call，small，walk talk also, always, already, half; calm salt[:l ] ar [α:] [:] 在重读音节中 w/wh-ar party，artist，farm，card War, warm,toward, quarter various are [ε] 在重读音节中 glare，care，stare，dare au/ augh [:] August，autumn cause caught aunt, laugh [α:
9、] Australia[] aw [:] draw，law，saw 2．元音字母e及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外 e [i:] 在重读开音节中 complete，even，these， [e] 在重读闭音节中 better，enter，fresh pretty[ i ] ea [e] breath，head，ready，dead [i:] breathe，season，least，deal，mean meant[e] dreamt [i] r
10、eally，real，theatre, idea reality ocean [ei] great，break ee [i:] greet，deep，keep，meet ei [i:] /ei/ /s/-ei receive，seize, ceiling eight height[hait] either er [:] 在重读音节中 verb，her，term，serve clerk[α:] ear [i] dear， clear，near，hear heard [:] [:] search，le
11、arn，earth，earn heart [α:] [ε] bear, wear, pear eer [i] pioneer，deer engineer ew [ju:] few, new [u] l, r, j-ew blew, threw, grew, Jew sew [ou] -ed [t] 前面是清辅音 （[t]除外） jumped，talked，worked，helped [d] 前面是浊辅音 （[d]除外）或元音 loved，answered， closed， stayed [id
12、] 前面是[t]或[d] needed，shouted，skated 3．元音字母i及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外 i（y） [ai] 在重读开音节中 Friday，fine，drive give, live, lively, satellite [i] 在重读闭音节中 strict，think，artist wild[waild] wind, climb, sign (signal ), design [i:] machine, police ie [ai] 在重读词
13、尾 lie，tie，die，pie [i:] believe，piece，field friend[e] quiet[ ai],society, experience ir [:] girl，bird，first，birth igh [ai] fight，right，tight，night ild [aild] wild，child，mild ire [ai] admire，hire，fire, entire ind [aind] behind，find，kind wind [wind]
14、ing [i] sing, ring 4．元音字母o及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外 o [ou] 在重读开音节中 在某些词的词尾 spoke，pole，note envelope，piano， photo，radio improve[im5pru:v], , love[] gone[] whose[hu:z], lose[lu:z], tomb[tu:m], prove[pru:v] [] 在重读闭音节中 monument，along，shop，cloth [] -m,n,v,t
15、h worry，another，son，monkey donkey, nonsense [] [u] woman，wolf，into oa [ou] coat，boat，road，coal broad[:] oi，oy [i] noise，enjoy，choice，boy oo [u:] -l,m,n结尾 浊辅音-oo-清辅音 / 清-oo-浊 school，soon，fool， food, roof, boot wool [u] oo-k 清-oo清 / 浊-oo浊 book，look， good，foo
16、t, good, wood shoot[u:] troop 比较：loose // lose [] flood，blood or [:] 在重读音节中 worn，horse [:] w-or world，work，worse ou [au] mouse，ground，south [ou] soul， shoulder, though [u] should, could, would [u:] youth，group，wound [] trouble，touch，country
17、enough cough[] ow [au] down，town，how，allow knowledge[] [ou] snow，grow，window ough [:] bought， thought，ought plough[plau] through[ u:] our [au] 在重读音节中 flour，hour，our tour[tu] [:] 在重读音节中 four，pour，course journey[:] 5．元音字母u及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外
18、 u [ju:] 在重读开音节中 student，use，pupil，huge sugar[ u ] [] 在重读闭音节中 but，cut，up，hurry truth[ u: ] busy[ i ] [] 在某些非重读音节中 autumn，difficult，success institute[ju:], communism ur [:] hurt，nurse，turn，burn hurry[] ure [ju] pure, cure, sure [ u ] 6．辅音字母的读音 辅音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例
19、 词 例 外 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c [k] cake picture coat music [s] c-e/i/y face decide cinema ch [] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [] machine Chicago -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand
20、day -dge [] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g [] bag gardon go [] -e orange large German [f] cough enough gh [/] light daughter high gu- -gue [] 在词首/词尾 guess league dialogue [w] 在词中 language h [
21、h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn n [n] not shine ten note [] n
22、[k]/ [g] uncle thank hungry -ng [] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s （词中） [s] 在词首或清辅音前 sit sleep desk purpose house(s) promise insist bas
23、in person [z] 元音字母间或浊辅音前 music husband S（词尾） [s] 清辅音之后 Stops, books [z] 浊辅音/元音之后 Zoos, questions [iz] [, s, ]-es Boxes, watches [z] th-s baths mouths youths maths[θs] months lengths clothes[z] clothing [i] sc- [sk] Scare [s] muscle science sh []
24、she fish shirt wash sion [n] 辅音-sion Impression, comprehension [n] 元音字母-sion vision decision occasion tion [n] Nation, revolution [n] s-tion Question, suggestion t [t] ten letter meet tch [] watch th [θ] 实词中 thin thirty method smooth [] 在虚词中
25、/ - [] the these with mother this tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- [w] what when white why [h] wh- o who whose whole x [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exis
26、t exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 单词辨音练习 1. honest A. hope B. holiday C. hello D. hotel 2. important A. information B. neighbour C
27、 perform D. forbid 3. father A. faster B. famous C. fall D. factory 4. admit A. bicycle B. active C. beside D. knife 5. endeavour A. journey B. course C. court D. honour 6. headache A. chea
28、t B. machine C. school D. cheery 7. southern A. thirteen B. south C. fourth D. neither 8. whole A. wheat B. while C. whose D. white 9. exactly A. exercise B. except C. expect D. exami
29、nation 10. heavy A. break B. bread C. deal D. cheap 11. traveler A. service B. performance C. certain D. servant 12. around A. moustache B. announce C. group D. young 13. fresh A. electric B. escape
30、 C. equality D. entire 14. certainly A. rely B. really C. terrify D. try 15. condition A. suggestion B. question C. conclusion D. congratulation 16. climb A. beauty B. comb C. border D. behind 17. remain A
31、 Britain B. certain C. explain D. captain 18. removed A. suffered B. laughed C. advanced D. shocked 19. dollars A. roofs B. pillows C. groups D. ports 20. laughter A. enough B. thought C. plough D. through 21.
32、courage A. ground B. double C. loud D. mouth 22. brown A. low B. town C. know D. knowledge 23. student A. busy B. ruler C. July D. music 24. waist A. portrait B. captain C. Britain
33、 D. plain 25. strength A. bathe B. though C. breathe D. mouth 26. term A. understand B. whisper C. water D. certainly 27. bear A. near B. search C. early D. pear 28. ocean A. concert B. century
34、 C. official D. coast 29. sew A. result B. saw C. sure D. sugar 30. salt A. chalk B. calm C. almost D. half 31. language A. dance B. trunk C. many D. money 32. compare A. scare
35、 B. inspire C. admire D. enquire 33. advanced A. entrance B. salute C. fortunate D. task 34. lock A. prove B. London C. longer D. lonely 35. Canada A. majority B. balance C. advanced D. dangerous 36.
36、 fever A. president B. electric C. fresh D. frequently 37. cousin A. thirsty B. resist C. anxious D. universe 38. worm A. lord B. storm C. worry D. worthy 39. trousers A. dozens B. requests
37、 C. desks D. lakes 40. praise A. fairy B. remain C. said D. prairie 41. April A. parent B. basin C. grasp D. wallet 42. excuse A. use B. truth C. truck D. jump 43. possible A. electric B. expen
38、sive C. technique D. electricity 44. foreign A. ceiling B. volleyball C. weight D. receive 45. academy A. recite B. recognize C. fresh D. cruelty 46. whose A. town B. whom C. wonder D. woman 47. tower A.
39、 tomorrow B. throw C. slowly D. how 48. pleasant A. pleased B. pleasure C. peaceful D. break 49. nation A. nature B. natural C. national D. candle 50. repeat A. already B. bread C. defeat D. great
40、 51. month A. government B. common C. along D. monument 52. absorb A. worm B. favor C. north D. emperor 53. fought A. brought B. rough C. country D. trouble 54. pause A. restaurant B. aunt C.
41、 mauve D. automobile 55. watched A. realized B. practised C. whispered D. pleased 56. revision A. possession B. expression C. television D. permission 57. object A. mother B. ocean C. observe D. obvious 58. telegraph A. grammar
42、 B. breakfast C. broadcast D. manage 59. duty A. education B. ruler C. blue D. jump 60. silence A. practise B. silk C. decide D. astonish 61. patient A. friend B. achieve C. field D. ancient 62. Thursday A. surround B. nurse C. surprise D. pursuit
43、63. hour A. journey B. court C. tour D. ourselves 64. chocolate A. machine B. cheek C. character D. stomach 65. strength A. northern B. worthy C. theory D. thus 66. passenger A. vegetable B. guess C. figure D. together 67. throughout A. naughty B. c
44、ough C. enough D. laugh 68. question A. resolution B. revision C. suggestion D. possession 69. material A. grammar B. grandson C. basket D. majority 70. cautious A. curious B. ambitious C. obviously D. various 71. moustache A. machine B. church
45、 C. match D. chalk 72. many A. anything B. library C. canal D. important 73. comparison A. quality B. quantity C. quarrel D. national 74. childhood A. cool B. food C. wood D. fool 75. woman A. w
46、olf B. lose C. improve D. tomb 76. politics A. tongue B. province C. wonder D. otherwise 77. fortunately A. temperature B. graduate C. classmate D. headache 78. frequently A. serious B. period C. material D
47、 theme 79. poster A. remove B. progress C. house D. ground 80. assistant A. physics B. observe C. nervous D. museum 81. exhibition A. exercise B. exist C. example D. examine 82. mean A. measure B. Europea
48、n C. breath D. meant pete A. immediately B. destroy C. research D. system 84. length A. southern B. nevertheless C. strengthen D. worthy 85. whereas A. thirsty B. dynasty C. statistics D. hesitate 86. dreadful A. steak B. decrease C
49、 breast D. peanut 87. explanation A. exhibition B. expression C. expand D. exact 88. grade A．temperature B．classmate C．necklace D．fortunate 89．south A．courage B．soup C．southern D．trousers 90．smooth A．feather B．tooth C．thief D．warmth 91.branch A. advantage B. quantity C. fortunate D. baggage 92.beyond A. rocket B. compass C. handsome D. holy 93.goose A. booklet B. goods C. foolish D. foot 94. measure A. conclusion B. discussion C. Asian D. expression 95. official A. cigarette B. precious C. cubic D. recently 10
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