英语句子成分经典.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,英语句子成分,.This kind of skirt is very _(fashion).,2.His suggestions are _(reason).,3.It is _(obviously)that he won the match.,4.That s really a _(science)method(,方法,),5.there are too many _(art)scenes in the park.,6.We should do something to stop the _(globe)warming.,fashionable,reasonable,obvious,scientific,artificial,global,1.With the _(develop)of the science,we improve our living conditions greatly.,2.European _(settle)began in 1840 when the British arrived.,3.Have you made an _(arrange)about your trip?,4.Could you give me some _(suggest)on our plan?,5.A cinema is a public place of _(entertain).,development,settlement,arrangement,suggestions,entertainment,After sunset,the sky darkened _(rapid),_(fortunate),they escaped from the big fire.,_(general)speaking,people in South China live on rice.,His daughter is _(serious)ill,so he has to ask for leave.,The car which was out of control _(violent)hit the big tree.,The typhoon is _(extreme)strong.,rapidly,Fortunately,Generally,seriously,violently,extremely,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,地点,时间,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,Elements of a sentence:,S-subject,V-verb,P-predicative,O-object,Attri.-attribute,Adv.-adverb,Oc-object complement,主,谓,表,宾补,定,状,宾,主语（,subject,）,是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,（句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east.,Twenty years is a short time in history.,The poor are now living in the shelter.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,He likes dancing.,What he needs is a book.,It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(,名词化的形容词）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语（,verb,）,是对主语加以陈述，,说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由,V.,充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）,(1),由,单一动词,V.,做谓语,We,are,Chinese.,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,(2),情态,V+V,原,He,can speak,English well.,(3),助,V+V,She,is talking,with her sister.,I,have seen,this man before.,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,I succeeded in passing the exam.,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化的形容词,),(,三,),宾语（,object,）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,动作的对象或承受者，一般位于,vt.,和,prep.,之后,宾语分为,直接宾语,(direct object),和,间接宾语,(indirect object),.,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,（承受者）,直接,宾语,（对象）,Please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,I found the book,interesting,.,I make my students,intertested in my class,.,She asked me,to lend her a hand,.,We made him,monitor in our class,.,We found him,in trouble,now.,We found,it,necessary,to study English,.,（六）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：,make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keep,（,It,形式宾语，,to do,是真正宾语）,（四）表语,(predicative),在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。,The speech is exciting.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im tired today.,That remains,a puzzle.,I dont feel,at ease,.,That s why he came here.,（四）表语,(predicative),在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。,The speech is,exciting,.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im,tired,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,That s,why he came here.,(,形容词,),(,现在分词,),（不定式）,(,过去分词,),(,名词,),(,介短,),(,从句,),（五）定语（,adjective,）,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前,前置定语短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前,后置定语,He is a,clever,boy.,His father works in a,steel,work.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you know,Bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),定语后置：,如果定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,用以修饰,adj.,/,v.,/,adv.,及全句,位置灵活,。,修饰,adj./adv.,时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；,表示,时间、地点、目的的状语,一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：,often,）或程度（如：,almost,）的副词状语通常位于,be,动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,说明动作于,“何时,何地,如何”发生,或者说明“,adj./adv.”,的程度,。,状语分为：,地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语,。,（六）状语（,adverbial,）,This book is,very,interesting.,I run,fast/quickly,.,They are playing,on the playground at eight,.,I,John,often,came,to chat with me,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,(,副词,),(,介短,),（不定式）,（,V-ing,短语）,(,副词,),Please call me,if it is necessary,.,Suddenly,I heard the bird sing a song.,You,probably,know more than you think.,（从句）,（副词）,（副词）,(,七,),挑出下列句中的状语,There was a big smile on her face.,Every night he heard the noise upstairs.,He began to learn English when he was eleven.,The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.,With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.,She loves the library because she loves books.,I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,同位语,对,n.,或,pron.,进行补充说明或进一步解释说明,We,young people,should respect the old.,He,himself,will do the experiment.,He told me the news,that our team won the,game.,名词,代词,从句,系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,例如：,He is a teacher.,2,）,持续系动词,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,例如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,注意：系动词,(,除,be,外,),不用于被动语态,.,5,）,变化系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如：,He became mad after that.,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表达,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,例如：,The rumor proved false.,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,Elements of a sentence:,S-subject,V-verb,P-predicative,O-object,Attri.-attribute,Adv.-adverbial,Oc-object complement,主,谓,表,宾补,定,状,宾,简单句,简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。,作一种陈述（陈述句）,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,提出一个问题,(,一般,/,特殊,/,选择,/,反义疑问句,),Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,发出一种命令或请求（祈使句）,Shut/Open,the door.,表示一种感叹（感叹句）,What a slow train this is!,（句子用途）,句,子,结,构,分,类,简单句,Simple,Sentences,含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子,并列句,Compound,Sentences,包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词,and/but/or/so,等或用分号连接,复合句,Complex,Sentences,包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词,that/what/when/if,等引导,句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,句,子,结,构,分,类,简单句,Simple,Sentences,含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子,并列句,Compound,Sentences,包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词,and/but/or/so,等或用分号连接,复合句,Complex,Sentences,包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词,that/what/when/if,等引导,简,单,句,的,基,本,句,型,1.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,2.,主语,+,不及物动词,3.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,4.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,5.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语,补足语,Summary,复习简单句：,对下列句子的成份进行划分,Nobody went.,She became a doctor.,The car caught fire.,I will write you a long letter.,I will let him go.,Practice,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,.,简单句,1,.Things changed.,2,.Trees are green.,3,.We dont beat children.,4,.He gave his sister the piano.,5,.I found the book easy.,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,Exercises:,分析句子结构,1,）,You are a student.,2,）,He felt happy today.,3,）,What you said made me happy.,4,）,You could give me some advice on how to learn English well?,5,）,We found a man lying on the ground.,6,）,It is my duty to look after these children.,7,）,You had better keep the window open.,8,）,He likes pop music.,9,）,The sound sounds strange.,10,）,The food tastes good.,11,）,He has been learning English for years.,12,）,We think it a pity that she didnt,come here.,13,）,1.He learns German.,2.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country,music.,3.We sang and danced yesterday,evening.,4.My brother and I go to school at half,past seven in the morning and come,back home at five in the afternoon.,（,一个主语和并列谓语）,（,并列主语和并列谓语,）,（,并列主语和一个谓语,）,（,一个主语和一个谓语,）,并列句,常用并列连词,coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词,:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词,:,选择并列连词,:,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,.,并列句,This is me and these are my friends.,They must stay in water,or they will die.,It,s not cheap,but it is very good.,It was late,so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door;there was no answer.,You,re alive!And she,s dead.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,He told me,the news.,that,the match had,been cancelled.,宾语,that,I passed the exam.,what,he needs,.,when,he was,leaving for Paris.,that,his father,was working in,that school.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that,he has finished his work.,whether,he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that,he is leaving for Washington.,when,he is leaving for Washington.,why,he is leaving for Washington.,how,he is leaving for Washington.,whether,he is leaving for Washington,.,宾语从句,*,I understand that he is well qualified.,*He said that he didn,t like her.,I don,t know if you can help me.,They want to know where you are going.,The students has decided when they,hold the meeting.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,the people,surprised,That,What,he said,What,he did,主语,That,he didnt,know the answer,in the room.,定语,who,were sitting in the room.,who,were present.,whose,sons were at war.,who,had signed the contract.,1),主语从句,*What he said is not known.,*That we shall be late is certain.,*It is certain that we shall be late.,*How strange it is that the children are so quiet!,2),定语从句,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He said he knew the boy who was sitting by the window.,The picture which is on the wall is drawn by my father.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what,he needs.,what,he gave me.,why,he was late.,because,he was ill.,what,has happened,.,2,）,表语从句,*That,is,what he wants to buy.,*The problem,is,who can replace her.,*The reason,is,that he has lied to me several times.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地点状语,时间状语,where,his,father worked,in that factory,where,I lived,when,he,lived there,His father worked there,.,I lived there.,He lived there,three years ago.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,Put the book,on the desk.,where,you took it.,where,it was.,地点状语,where,you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where,there are,a lot of trees.,wherever,you like.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe,that everything is going on well.,She was reading a novel,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,用所给连词连接句子。,He has found out.She was late.(why),He has found out,why,she was late.,I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first,went to York.,将各组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,的复合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(,原因,),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him.I see him.,（,时间,）,It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.,（,结果,）,Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(,条件,),We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(,让步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.,Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,状语从句,分为八类：,时间、地点、原因、结果、,目的、条件、让步、方式、,1),时间状语从句,Wait until you are called.,When spring came,leaves turned green.,常用的关联词有：,as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever,等,2),条件状语从句,If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.,常用的关联词有：,if,unless,as long as,on condition that,常用的关联词有：,though,although,even if,even though,3),让步状语从句,Though I,m fond of music,I can,t play any instrument.,So long as you need me,I,ll stay.,4),结果状语从句,She was so happy that she didnt know what,to say.,He is such an honest boy that we all like him.,常用的关联词有：,so that,such that,5),目的状语从句,Come early in order that/so that you may,see him.,常用的关联词有：,so that,in order that,in case,Take your rain coat in case it rains.,6),地点状语从句,Put it where you found it.,Sit down wherever you like.,常用的关联词有：,where,wherever,anywhere,7),原因状语从句,As I didn,t know the way,I asked a policeman,常用的关联词有：,because,as,since,常用的关联词有：,as,as if,as though,how,8),方式状语从句,He did just as you told him.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe,that everything is going on well.,She was reading a novel,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,He has found out,why,she was late.,I still remember the day,when I first went to York.,He didnt come yesterday,because he was ill.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,1.The reason why he was dismissed is that he didnt work hard.,2.I doubt whether he will succeed.I dont know if you can help me.,3.That the earth is round is well-known.,4.They believed that they would win the game.,5.When we were at school,we went to the library every day.,6.Do you know the woman who is talking to Mr Green?,划出从句，并判断从句的种类。,(,定语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,（宾语从句）,（主语从句）,（,宾语从句）,（状语从句）,(,定语从句）,7.It all depends on whether they will support us.,8.We will go where the Party directs us.,9.The news that Jim told us is true.,10.He always thinks of how he can work better.,11.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.,12.The photographs will show you what our village looks like.,13.It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.,（宾语从句）,（状语从句）,(,定语从句）,（宾语从句）,（状语从句）,（宾语从句）,（表语从句）,有关“跨文化”话题,假设你叫李华，你的外国朋友,John,想了解中国的春节，请根据以下提纲，给他写一封短信：,1,、春节在中国人中的地位,2,、春节的时间,.,春节前人们,3,、春节期间，人们,参考词汇：对联,couplet,爆竹,firecracker,Dear John,How time flies!Four months have passed since we saw each other last time.I cannot help but miss you.You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival.Now I would like to tell you something about it._,写出下列与春节有关的词汇,春节,_,农历,_,正月,_,除夕,_,初一,_,团圆饭,_,年夜饭,_,爆竹,_,饺子,_,年糕,_,过年,_,传统的,_,张贴,_,庆祝,_,聚集,_,节日气氛,_,吃饭,_,看电视,_,休息,_,放松,_,风俗习惯,_,Lunar calendar,Lunar January,New years Eve,First day,Family reunion dinner,The dinner on New Years Eve,Firecrackers,Spring Festival,Jiaozi,New Year Cake,the atmosphere of the festival,customs and habits,spend the new year,traditional,put up,celebrate,get together,have dinner,watch TV,have a rest,relaxed,与要点有关的句子,:,春节是中国的传统节日,春节在农历的第一天,3.,春节是家人聚会的节日,4.,春节前打扫房间,贴春联,放鞭炮，吃饺子，看电视。,5.,结束语,The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.,The Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first lunar month.,It is when all family members get together,A few days before the festival,houses are cleaned and red couplets are put up on the doors of every household.,参考文章：,How time flies!Four moths have passed since we saw each other last time.I cannot help but miss you.You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival.Now I would like to tell you something about it.,The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.It is the most im