英语句子成分讲解清晰版上课.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,一、介绍与其重要性,句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：,主语,、谓语动词、表语、宾语、,定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。,英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子,的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，,就能写出完整、正确的句子。,句子成分与结构,英语的句子成分：,一）主语：,Walls,have ears.,He,will take you to the hospital.,Three plus four,equals seven.,To see,is to believe.,Smo,king,is not allowed in public places.,Whether or not they will come,depends on the weather.,二）,谓语,由,_,担任。,助动词或情态动词,加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。,Action,speaks,louder than words.,The chance,may,never,come,again.,Mary,has been working,at the dress shop since 1994.,动词,/,动词短语,名词,代词,数词,to do,不定式,doing,动名词,句子,时态和主谓一致,简单谓语,:,由,动词或动词词组,组成,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,look,s,after,two orphans(,孤儿,).,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,We,have finished,the job.,谓语,用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致,(,主谓一致,),。,My father is a,professor.,Whos,that,?Its,me.,Everything here is,expensive.,The match became,very exciting.,The story of my life may be,of help to others.,Three times five is,fifteen.,His plan is,to seek work,in the city.,My first idea was,that you should hide your feelings,.,三）,表语,它的位置在,_,之后。是用来说明主语的,_,_,_,的,.,系动词、连系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词,n,代词,pron,形容词,adj,adj,介词短语,数词,to do,不定式,句子,（四）宾语,表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在,_,之后。,_,词后也会跟宾语。,She covered,her face,with her hands.,We havent seen,her,for a long time.,Do you mind,opening,the window?,Give me,four,please.,He wants,to dream a nice dream.,We need know,what others are doing.,We should care more about our friends.,动词,/,动词短语,介词,名词,n,代词,pron,动名词,代词和数词,to do,不定式,句子,介词,+,名词,（五）定语,是修饰,_,词,.,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之,_,；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之,_,。,They are,woman,workers.,Toms,father didnt write home until yesterday.,Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,The play has,three,acts.,This is,her first,trip,to Europe.,China is a,developing,country.,I have nothing,to eat.,Those,who want to go to Tibet,are to sign their names here.,名,前,后,名词,名词所有格,形容词,adj,数词,形容词,/,序数词,/to do,不定式,现在分词,doing,to do,不定式,从句,六）状语,状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、,让步,、伴随情况等。,The best fish swim,near the bottom,.,I left the village,five years ago.,I arrived late because of the traffic jam.,Well send a car,to fetch you.,The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones,The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.,If he goes,so will I.,Though he is a child,he knows a lot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,I found the book,interesting,.,Do you smell something,burning,?,He made himself,known to them.,She asked me,to lend her a hand.,Please make yourself,at home,.,Please keep the dog,out.,We must keep it,a secret,.,七）宾语补足语。,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,They elected me,captain of the team.,We try to make our country,strong.,We found everything,in good order,there.,I should advise you,to get the chance.,I saw him,going upstairs.,They found the house broken in.,名词,形容词,介词短语,to do,不定式,现在分词,doing,done,过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成,动词的复合结构,八）主语补足语,如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语,I was elected,captain of the team,.,Our country will be made,strong.,与宾语补足语一样,1.,I,met,my friend,.,主语,谓,语,宾,语,Exercises:,分析句子结构,2.,I,want,to be a volunteer,.,主语,谓,语,宾,语,3.,I,am,a student,.,主语,系,动,词,表语,4.,I,felt,happy.,主语,系,动,词,表语,1.,W,e,will,make,our school,more beautiful,.,主语,谓,语,谓语,宾语,宾,补,二,.,五种简单句基本句型,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主语,+,系,+,表语,主语,+,谓语,1,）,Our city,is,at the crossing of some important railways,.,主语 系动词 表语,2,）,The city,will become,rich.,主语 系动词 表语,在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：,“变化”类：,_.,“,感官”类,:_.,“,持续”类：,_.,其他：（似乎）,_ _(,证明是,)_,get/become/turn/grow/go,taste/smell/feel/look/sound,stay/keep/remain,Seem appear,turn out/prove(to be),1,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,Exercises,你的故事听起来很有趣。,_.,把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。,_.,这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。,_.,这个计划证明是可行的。,_.,You story sounded very interesting.,Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.,The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.,The plan turned out/proved,（,to be)practical.,2,主语,+,谓语,1,）,Building,has started,.,主语 谓语,2,）,The train,leaves,at 7:40.,主语 谓语,_,搭配：,The teacher teaches well.,The child walks very slowly.,_,搭配：,The girl looked at the picture.,The children ran to the forest.,动词副词,动词介词,Exercise,我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。,小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘,里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴,._,_.,Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.,The birds sings happily in the tree,the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.,3,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,1,）,The boss,employed,five more workers,.,主语 谓语 宾语,2,）,My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.,3,）,Few students like taking exams.,4,）,He forgot to close the door.,5,）,I hope I can speak English fluently.,Exercise,他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。,_.,他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。,_.,他许诺给我一个礼物。,_.,He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.,He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.,He promised to give me a gift.,4,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,1,）,He,has fetched,us,some new textbooks,.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,2,）,Grandma,cooked,us,a nice meal.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,3,）,The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.,4,）,The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.,可接双宾语的常见动词有：,ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise,顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？,_.,下学期谁教你们生物？,_.,Mr.White,告诉我为什么他要出国。,_.,By the way,has she paid you money?,Who will teach you biology?,Mr.White told me why he went abroad.,5,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,1,）,The villagers,didnt allow,them,to do this,.,主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语,2,）,I will keep the box in the shade.,3,）,We found him a very good pupil.,4,）,She let me stay in the company.,Exercise,他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。,_.,我建议他多读点书。,_.,他修了机器。,_.,我们选他当班长。,_.,He always keeps his room clean,I suggest him reading more books.,He had his machine repaired.,We made him monitor.,Thank you,