透析中考英语语法时态考点.doc

透析中考英语语法时态考点 【时态命题趋势与预测】时态是高考命题的重点,.主要考查考生在具体语境、特殊语境中对时态的运用能力。进行时、完成时以及完成进行时的考查则是重中之重，故考生在掌握特殊情况下表达一般时的同时，应更加注重进行时完成时以及完成进行时的运用。【考点诠释】一、对一般现在时考查1考查其基本概念：一般现在时通常表示习惯性的、反复发生的动作。通常与表示频度的副词如 often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和时间状语如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week / month / year, on Sundays 等连用。一般现在时可表示主语的特征、能力或状态以及普遍真理。【考例】The woman and her husband _in the same office. 广东省A. work B. works C. is working D. has worked答案A解析本题考查时态。句意为“这个妇女和她丈夫在同一个办公室工作”。句中虽然没有时间状语，但是可以从句意上看出是经常性的动作，故用一般现在时；句子主语为复数，故动词用原形work。2考查一般现在时的替代用法：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引导的时间状语中或由 if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whetheror, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 【考例】-Im sorry that John is out.-Please ask him to call me as soon as he_.成都市A. returned B. returns C. will return答案B解析考查以as soon as引导的从句。 以as soon as引导的时间状语从句常以一般现在时代替一般将来时。二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。 有时句子中虽然不含表示过去时间的状语，但根据语境可判断动作或状态已经发生，而且与现在没有任何联系，也需用一般过去时。 【考例】一What did you do after school yesterday?一I _basketball with my friends北京市A play B played C will play Dam playing答案B解析由上句“昨天放学后你在干什么？”句意可知对过去发生的事情询问，回答也应用过去式。故选B。一Mr. Green，_you _Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday?一Nobut Ill visit them next week. 福州市 A will；go to B have；been to C did；go to Dhave；gone to答案C解析本题是一个单纯考查时态的题目。A项是一般将来时，B、D两项是现在完成时，c项是一般过去时。句中有一个典型的表示过去时间的状语last Sunday，类似这样的时间状语，往往与一般过去时态的谓语动词连用，所以正确答案为C项。His family the zoo last week. 吉林省A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. will visit答案C解析 由关键信息last week(表过去)可直接选C。三、对一般将来时的考查一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般将来时有多种表达法：1be going to do 表示计划、安排或有迹象表明要发生的事情。2“shall / will + do”单纯表示将来，不含计划、安排之意；有时表示主语的临时决断。3be about to do sth 表示马上就要发生某事，通常不与时间状语连用，常用于be about to do.when. 结构, 表示“正要突然”。4某些主要用于表示动作转移的动词，如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, meet, move, sail, begin, fall, marry, publish, see, stay等，用现在时表示将来时，指的是按计划安排或时刻表要发生的事。5“be to + 动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定。6祈使句 + or / and + 一般将来时态的并列句”句型中【考例】I the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow北京市A. will return B returned C have returned D return答案A解析 考查if引导的主从复合句。以if引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。-Mum, what are you doing?-Your uncle has come. I_ put an extra fork on the table. 太原市A. will B. have C. would答案A解析本题重在考查一般将来时的用法。从问句What are you doing推知A项will最适合语境。-Look at the noisy kids!-Havent you heard the saying When the cat is away, the mice _. ?河南省A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play答案D解析谚语。固定用法。四、对现在进行时的考查现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作或目前所处的状态。有些动词常用现在进行时态表示按计划或安排即将发生的事情。【考例】Jack has never been to Disneyland before，but he _there this summer沈阳市A has been B is going C went Dgoes答案B解析 依据句意：“杰克以前没有去过迪斯尼乐园，但今年夏天他打算去。”is going正在进行时表将来，故选B。五、对现在完成时的考查ww.5zk53u.ecom现在完成时的用法主要有两点：1过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有yet, already, just, ever, never, now, before, lately, recently。2表示某动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。常用的时间状语有today, thisweek, thesedays, so far, up to now, since, ever since, since then, by this time, for years / ages, for a long time, several times, in / over the past few years, “since + 过去某一时刻”,“for + 时间段”等。有时在时间或条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。【考例】Hearing that she _the entrance exam to the university，Fudy is thrilled青岛市Ahas failed in B. is succeeded inCis failed in Dhas succeed in答案D。解析本题考查词义辨析 由“听说他成功地通过了考试，Judy非常兴奋。”可知选D。Its raining! When did it start? 一I dont know exactlyIn fact，it _all this afternoon. 北京市 A1asts B has 1asted C1asted Dwill 1ast答案B解析考查现在完成时态。从句意“事实上，已持续了整整一个下午了”，不难看出，不能用一般过去时，此句中last持续”作延续性动词。从信息all this afternoon可知。-Are you going to see the film with us? -No, thanks. I _ it. 广东省A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing答案B解析本题考查动词的时态。由对话的语境可推测句意“我已看过这部电影”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时。-Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He _ the Xuanwu Lake Park. 南京市A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to答案C解析 考查现在完成时态。have gone to(到某地去了，还没有回来)；have been to(去过某地，已经回来了)。Jane _. Im waiting for her. 成都市A. came back B. has come back C. hasnt come back答案C解析考查现在完成时态。根据后句句意：“我正在等她”可知。6. 过去进行时ww.zk533u.ecom过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时常用来解释某种行为的原因。过去进行时有时也可表示过去将来时。【考例】Dick gave me a note while I _in the library一I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you黄冈市A are reading B was reading C reads Dwill read答案B解析 考查过去进行时态。while引导的句子，当主句用一般过去时的时候从句用过去进行时态。-I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer. -Oh, sorry. I _ with my cousin in the supermarket. 安徽省A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop答案B解析 此处意为你打电话的那个时候我正在超市，故用过去进行时态。7.被动语态考查Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. (江西)A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told答案：D命题立意：本题考查时态的用法。试题解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. (上海)A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down答案：B命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. (浙江) A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped答案：A命题立意：本题考查交际用语中时态、语态的用法。试题解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选A。-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_.(年湖北宜昌) A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite答案：B命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。- How often _ your school sports meeting _? (南通) - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold答案：C命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month,sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。ww.zk523u.ecomOn May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州) A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 答案：D命题立意：本题考查时态和语态的用法。试题解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. (徐州)A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards答案：A命题立意：本题考查时态的用法。试题解析：依据题意： “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousand- hand Guanyin，要用被动语态。故选A。Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. (杭州) A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted答案:C命题立意：本题考查被动语态的用法。试题解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. (2004年襄樊市) A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown答案: D命题立意：本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。试题解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。【语法回顾】一、一般现在时 一般现在时主要用来表示每天、每周等经常一直如此，长期进行下去的动作，其着眼点不在描述具体的动作，而是通过提出不断反复的动作，来说明某一真理或某一经常性习惯性的举动。一般现在时的几种主要用法： 1）一般现在时表示客观事实、客观存在的普遍真理、用于一般现在时的时间状语常见的有：often， usually，always，sometimes， seldom，ever，never，every day（week，month，year）， once a year，now and them，from time to time。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。2）表示格言或警句Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。3）表示现在习惯性的、经常重复的或定期发生的动作或存在的状态。I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 We go to school every day except on Sunday.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。4）表示能力、性格、个性等。例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。注意：1）表示“感觉”和“状态”或“关系”等的动词（如be，like，love，hate，want，think，remember，find，sound，forget，refuse，see，allow，prove，have，matter，taste，look，feel）常用一般现在时，不用现在进行时。例如：Carl and Wang Bing are students.卡尔和王斌是学生。In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.在晚上，我喜欢坐在篝火旁弹着吉他。2）有时用这个时态表示“按计划、规定，时刻表”要发生的动作，句中（都带有时时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。例如：The meeting begins at seven.会议在七点钟开始。The train leave at 17:40.火车17：40离开。3）书报的标题、小说、戏剧、图片等情节介绍常用一般现在时。例如：China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow劳拉布什抵达莫斯科Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。4) 在由if， unless， even if等引导的条件状语从句和在由when， before， after， until， till， as soon as， by the time， each time， the moment， immediately等引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如：Ill come to help you if Im free tomorrow.如果我明天有空的话，我将帮助你。Unless you try， you will never succeed. 你若不尝试，就决不会成功。Next time I go there， I ll ask him about it. 下次我去那里时，我要问问他这件事。Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到结果，就请马上告诉我。Ill telephone you as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就打电话给你。When they leave school, they will go back to the country.他们离校将去农村。另外，还要注意其动词形式的变化。该时态主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，be和have有特殊的变化形式。例表如下：构成示例读音说明一般情况在词尾末加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”结尾的词workworksrunrunsplayplays-在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z在元音后读z在以ch，sh，x，s等辅音字母结尾的词末加-es，如词尾为-e，只加-smissmissesfinishfinishesteachteachesloselosespledgepledges-es读iz以o结尾的词加-esgogoes-es在元音后读z如词尾为 e，只加-sloveloveshatehatesmakemakes-s的读音取决于 e 前的辅音，如该字母是清辅音，则读s，如是浊辅音则读z以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，在加-esstudystudies-ies读iz在词尾加-s时要按下表规则进行:动词情况构成方式例词一般情况加-edplayplayed, workworked，looklooked以 -e 结尾的动词加-dlivelived，hopehoped, arrivearrived以辅音字母 -y 结尾的动词变y为i加-edstudystudied，crycried，replyreplied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词双写辅音字母加-edstopstopped，regretregretted，patpatted，nodnodded，dragdragged不规则动词不规则变化（见附表）beginbegan，注意：以t，d结尾的动词加-s读作ts，dz，这两个辅音音素。而不是四个。例如：wantwants， needneeds二、一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。We went swimming every day last summer.去年夏天我们每天去游泳。He often came to see me when I was in hospital.在我住院期间，他经常来看我。3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 ，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？（3）在以as soon as，when，before，until引起的时间状语从句以及if条件的状语从句中，当主句为一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。 三、一般将来时1）一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，主要见于英国英语，现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shant 和wont。Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？When will you know your exam results? 你什么时候能知道考试结果？I can see youre busy, so I wont stay long.我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。注意：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall。You and I will arrive there next Monday.我和你下周一都要到达那里。Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.我们俩明年中学毕业。2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 表示经过事先考虑与打算、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。例如：I m going to finish the report this afternoon.今天下午我将会写完这份报告。What are you going to do when you grow up？长大以后你打算干什么？I m going to be a teacher. 我要当一名教师。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。b.表示根据某种迹象推测出即将发生的动作。例如：Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It s going to rain. 瞧那天上的乌云，天要下雨了。Watch out！We are going to crash！当心！我们要撞车了！There is going to be a lot of difficulty in doing this. 做这件事会有许多困难。3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。The new railway is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 这条新铁路将在国庆节通车。We are to begin the experiment next month. 我们安排下个月开始这项试验。4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：We are about to leave， so there is no time to visit him now.我们就要离开，所以现在没有时间去看他。He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算旅行，你最好尽快作好准备。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.既然你愿意脱了你的衣服，我们在镜子前面试一试新衣服。 be to do和be going to 区别 be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）5）一般现在时表将来 （1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。（2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。（3）在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。（4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：Dont worry about the exam.