商务英语翻译实务实务.pptx

UnitNineUnitNineBusinessContracts商务合同世纪商务英语翻译教程（第三版）返回返回知识目标：1.了解商务合同的基本知识2.掌握商务合同的语言特点及翻译技巧3.熟知商务英语的特点及翻译的原则能力目标：1.能够运用所学翻译技巧进行英汉商务合同的互译2.能够在商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则BusinessContracts返回返回Contents返回返回4.Translationtechniques2.Lead-in1.Introduction3.LexicalandSyntacticalFeatures5.WordBank6.PracticeSection1IntroductionvSec6Sec4Sec3Sec2Sec8Sec7返回返回讨论讨论：外贸合同有哪些内容外贸合同有哪些内容Huzhou Import&Export Co.addressSales ContractSales Contract s/c no.:date:The buyers :Address :The buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as below:1)CommoditydescriptionNameofcommodity,SpecificationsQualityUnitPriceTotalValue(ShipmentQuantity%moreorlessallowed)2）Packing:incases,inbalesinboxesofadozeneach,100boxestoawoodencase3)Time of shipment:Time of shipment:in OCT.12th w/t at Hongkong before the end of OCT.4)Port of loading,port of destination:4)Port of loading,port of destination:5)Terms of Payment:5)Terms of Payment:by sight L/C,the L/C must reach the sellers before May 1st.by D/P,by D/A 6)Insurance:6)Insurance:to be covered by the sellers for 110%of the invoice value against all risks as per CIC dated January 1,1981.v7)Inspection:7)Inspection:v8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy:8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy:v9)Force majeure:9)Force majeure:v10)Arbitration10)Arbitration:vThe sells-the buyers-SECTION1v商务合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。作为法律文书，商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和义务。商务合同一经依法订立，就成为一种法律文件而对缔约各方具有法律约束力，成为商务活动中解决争议的法律依据。v涉外合同的分类涉外合同的分类:v国际货物销售合同（ContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods）v国际技术转让合同（ContractsforInternationalTechnologyTransfer）v中外合资经营企业合同（ContractsforSino-ForeignJointVentures）v国际工程承包合同（ContractsforInternationalEngineeringProjects）v补偿贸易合同（ContractsforCompensationTrade）v涉外劳务合同（ContractsforForeignLaborService）v国际租赁合同（ContractsforInternationalLeasingAffairs）v涉外信贷合同（ContractsforSino-ForeignCreditsandLoans）Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec2返回返回Sec6返回返回分类与结构分类与结构按按照照格格式式的的繁繁简程程度度的的不不同同，国国际商商务合合同同可可以以采采取取正正式式合合同同（Contract）、协议书（Agreement）、确确认书（Confirmation）、备忘忘录（Memorandum）、定定单（Order）等等书面面形形式式。在在合合同同签订和和履履行行过程程中中，当当事事人人之之间往往来来的的信信函函、电子子邮件件、电报等等也也是是合合同同的的组成成部部分分，同同样具具有有一一定定的的法法律律效效力力。但但是是，为了了顺利利、准准确确无无误地地完完成成合合同同的的履履行行，保保护当当事事人人各各方方的的合合法法权益益，所所有有商商业往来往来应以合同、以合同、协议书和确和确认书的的订立立为前提和基前提和基础。分类与结构分类与结构v从从结构上看，国构上看，国际商商务合同一般包含如下四个部分合同一般包含如下四个部分1，具体，具体说明如下：明如下：v（一）合同名称（一）合同名称（Title）：即合同：即合同标题，表明合同的内容和性，表明合同的内容和性质。v（二二）约约首首（Preamble）：A.订约日日期期和和地地点点；B.合合同同当当事事人人及及其其国国籍籍、主主营业所或住所；所或住所；C.当事人合法依据；当事人合法依据；D.订约缘由由/说明条款明条款v（三三）正正文文（MainBody）：A.一一般般条条款款（GeneralTermsandConditions）；B.特殊条款（特殊条款（OtherConditions）。）。v（四四）结尾尾条条款款（WITNESSClause）：A.结尾尾语；B.签名名（Signature）；C.盖印（盖印（Seal）。）。SECTION1v通常一份典型的商务合同包含以下表格中的部分：Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec2返回返回Sec6返回返回PartlPreamble约首(1)Title(2)NumberoftheContract(3)DateofSigning(4)Signingparties(5)PlaceofSigning(6)EachPartysAuthority(7)RecitalsofwhereasClause(1)合同名称(2)合同号码(3)签约日期(4)签约当事人(5)签约地点(6)当事人的合法依据(7)缔约缘由SECTION1Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec2返回返回Sec6返回返回Part2Body(IncludingDefinitionClauses，BasicConditionandGeneralTerms)约文(包括定义条款、基本条款和一般条款)(l)NameofCommodity(Specification)(2)Quality(3)Quantity(4)Price(5)Packing(6)Insurance(7)ShipmentandDelivery(8)IndustrialpropertyRightandPatent(9)Payment(10)Inspection(l1)Training(12)Confidential(13)Guarantee(14)Claim(15)BreachandRescissionofContract(l6)Arbitration(l7)ForceMajeure(18)ApplicableLaws(l9)Miscellaneous(1)货物名称(规格)(2)质量条款(3)数量条款(4)价格条款(5)包装条款(6)保险条款(7)交货条款(8)工业产权和专利条款(9)付款条款(l0)商检条款(11)培训条款(l2)保密条款(13)保证条款(14)索赔条款(15)违约、毁约条款(16)仲裁条款(17)不可抗力条款(l8)法律适用条款(l9)其他条款SECTION1Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec2返回返回Sec6返回返回Part3Witness(Ending)(l)ConcludingSentences(2)Signature(3)Seal(1)结尾句(2)签字(3)盖章PreambleofaContract合同的前言合同的前言v国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两方面的内容：v其一其一主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所营业务或者住所(thecorporateorpersonalnamesofthepartiestothecontractandtheirnationalities，principalplacesofbusinessorresidentialaddresses)；v其二，合同签订的日期、地点其二，合同签订的日期、地点(thedateandplaceofsigningofthecontract)。This contract is made this 29th day Of March.This contract is made this 29th day Of March.2003 in Shanghai2003 in Shanghai，China by and between ABC China by and between ABC Corporation China(hereinafter referred to as Corporation China(hereinafter referred to as“Seller)“Seller)，a-a-Corporation having their principal Corporation having their principal office in Shanghaioffice in Shanghai，China who agrees to sell,and China who agrees to sell,and XYZ Corporation(hereinafter referred lo as XYZ Corporation(hereinafter referred lo as“Buyer)“Buyer)，a a Corporation having their principal Corporation having their principal office in New Yorkoffice in New York，N NY Y，USAUSA，who who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as belowconditions as below：v【例【例1】本合同由中国】本合同由中国ABC公司，公司，总公司设于总公司设于中国上海中国上海(以下简称卖方以下简称卖方)与美国与美国XYZ公司，公司，总总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市公司设于美国纽约州纽约市(以下简称买方以下简称买方)于于2003年年3月月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物述条件买卖下列货物：v【例【例2】合同号码：】合同号码：(经合字经合字)第第0081号号v签约日期：签约日期：2003年年3月月29日日v签约地点：中国上海签约地点：中国上海v卖方：中国卖方：中国ABC公司公司v地址：中国上海地址：中国上海街街号号v公司属国：中华人民共和国公司属国：中华人民共和国v电传：电传：v传真：传真：v邮编：邮编：v电子信箱：电子信箱：v买方：美国买方：美国XYZ公司公司v地址：美国纽约州纽约市地址：美国纽约州纽约市街街号号v公司属国：美利坚合众国公司属国：美利坚合众国v电传：电传：v传真：传真v邮编：邮编：v电子信箱：电子信箱：vContract NumberContract Number：JH Zi,No.0081JH Zi,No.0081vDate 0f Execution of ContractDate 0f Execution of Contract：MarchMarch，2929，20032003vPlace Of Execution Of ContractPlace Of Execution Of Contract：ShanghaiShanghai，China.China.vSellerSeller：ABC CorporationABC Corporation，ChinaChinavAddressAddress：NoNo ，St St，ShanghaiShanghai，ChinaChina。vCountry of CorporationCountry of Corporation：Peoples Republic of ChinaPeoples Republic of ChinavTelexTelex：vFaxFax：vPostcodePostcode：vE-mailE-mail：vBuyerBuyer：XYZ CorporationXYZ Corporation，USAUSAvAddressAddress：No.No.，St St，New YorkNew York，N NY YUSAUSAvCountry Of CorporationCountry Of Corporation：United States of AmericaUnited States of AmericavTelexTelex：vFaxFax：vPostcodePostcode：vE-mailE-mail：FinalClauses合同的结尾合同的结尾v合同的结尾，也称合同最后条款，写在合同的结尾部分。合同的结尾，也称合同最后条款，写在合同的结尾部分。结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：合同使用的文字及其效力合同使用的文字及其效力(languages in which the contract is to be written(languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)and its validity)。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外，。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外，有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同中有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同中订有附件，应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容，并订有附件，应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容，并明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。部分。vThis Contract is made out in two originalsThis Contract is made out in two originals，each copy written each copy written in Chinese and English languagesin Chinese and English languages，both texts being equally both texts being equally valid.In case of any divergence of interpretationvalid.In case of any divergence of interpretation，the Chinese the Chinese text shall prevailtext shall prevailvThe annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contractan integral part of this Contract vAny amendment andAny amendment andor supplement to this contract shall or supplement to this contract shall be be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written document(s)have signed written document(s)，forming integral part(s)of forming integral part(s)of this Contractthis ContractvThis Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties.authorized representatives of both parties.vThis Contract is made out in two originalsThis Contract is made out in two originals，each copy written each copy written in Chinese and English languagesin Chinese and English languages，both texts being equally both texts being equally valid.In case of any divergence of interpretationvalid.In case of any divergence of interpretation，the Chinese the Chinese text shall prevailtext shall prevailv1 1本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。准。vThe annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contractan integral part of this Contract 2.2.本合同第本合同第1919章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。vAny amendment andAny amendment andor supplement to this contract shall or supplement to this contract shall be be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written document(s)have signed written document(s)，forming integral part(s)of forming integral part(s)of this Contractthis Contractv3 3本合同的任何修改和本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授充，只有在双方授权的代表在的代表在书面文件上面文件上签字后才能生效，并成字后才能生效，并成为本合同不可分割的本合同不可分割的组成部分。成部分。vThis Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties.authorized representatives of both parties.v4 4本合同将在双方授本合同将在双方授权代表代表签字后正式生效。字后正式生效。v1本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。v2.本合同第19章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。v3本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表在书面文件上签字后才能生效，并成为本合同不可分割的组成部分。v4本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。translationtranslationSECTION2II.试把下列短语译成汉语。（1）Sec6Sec4Sec3Sec1Sec8Sec7返回返回（1）minuteoftalks（2）memorandum（3）validityclausesofcontracts（4）assignmentandguarantyofcontracts会议纪要备忘录合同生效条款合同转让与担保条款Sec6Sec4Sec3Sec1Sec8Sec7返回返回（5）rescissionandterminationofcontracts（6）defaultandescape（7）internationalconventionsandpractice（8）internationalbusinesscontracts合同的解除与终止条款违约与免责条款国际惯例国际贸易合同II.试把下列短语译成汉语。（2）SECTION2SECTION2Sec6Sec4Sec3Sec1Sec8Sec7返回返回试翻译下列句子。（11）PartyAshallpayPartyBamonthlysalaryofUS$500(SAYFIVEHUNDREDUSDOLLARSONLY).（3）ThisContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommoditysubjecttothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow.甲方须每月付给乙方500美元整。买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。SECTION2Sec6Sec4Sec3Sec1Sec8Sec7返回返回试翻译下列句子。（2）（3）ThisContractshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofexecutionhereofbytheBuyerandtheBuilder.（4）TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.本合同自买方和建造方签署之日起生效。下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。Section2Lead-invTranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish.v澳门威尼斯人v条款及细则：v“北方馆”位于娱乐场内，18岁以下人士遂不能使用此代用券v凭此代用券在澳门威尼斯人度假村酒店娱乐场内之“北方馆”消费任何食品即可享用指定甜品一份v必须出示代用券以免费换领指定甜品一份v每人每次只限使用代用券一张v此代用券不能兑换现金及退款Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回THEVENETIANcasinovoucherVenetianMacao-Resort-HotelCasinodesignatedberedeemedforTermsandconditions:SECTION2v此代用券不能与其它推广及餐饮优惠一起使用v优惠只限堂食v此代用券必须于有效日期内使用，逾期作废v如有任何争议，澳门威尼斯人度假村酒店保留最终决定权vv有效日期：2011年7月1日至31日Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回dine-inreserveSECTION2vNotes:v代用券：voucherv堂食：dine-inv有效期：validityv注意几个专有名词的翻译：威尼斯人-Venetian；北方馆-North;度假村酒店娱乐场:Macau-Resort-HotelCasino。v翻译时注意情态动词的使用，尽力按照合同条款的要求将其译成符合英文表达习惯的英语条款。Sec5Sec4Sec3Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回THEVENETIANTermsandconditions:v“North”islocatedincasinoarea,sopatronsundertheageof18areineligibletousethisvouchervThevoucherwithanyfoodpurchasecanbeusedtoredeemadesignateddessertfrom“North”attheVenetianMacao-Resort-HotelCasinoonlyvThisvouchermustbepresentedtoredeem/enjoyadesignatedcomplimentarydessertvEachpersoncanonlyredeemonevoucherpervisitvThisvoucherisnotredeemableforcashandisnon-refundable/cannotberedeemedforcashorrefundedifunusedvThisvouchercannotbeusedinconjunctionwithotherpromotionandF&BdiscountvTheofferisvalidfordine-inonly/Fordine-inorderonlyvThisvouchermustbeused/redeemedonorbeforetheexpirydatestatedonthevoucher/withinthedatesofvalidityvThedecisionofTheVenetianMacao-Resort-Hotelshallbefinalincaseofanydispute/TheVenetianMacao-Resort-Hotelreservestherightoffinaldecisionincaseofdisputes.Section3:LexicalandSyntacticalFeaturesofbusinesscontracts商务合同的词汇和句法特点商务合同的词汇和句法特点v英文商务合同在语言上有其独特风格，具有正式、严谨、准确、专业化的特点。在句式上体现出表意缜密、逻辑严谨、结构复杂的文体特征。法学与语言学的交叉部分是法律语言学。由于合同严格界定合同主体各方的权利及义务，常使用结构复杂、冗长重叠的句子，还包含古体、生僻词语，并大量使用法律术语，这些有别于普通英语而属于法律语言范畴的特征，都成为英文合同翻译的难点。要学习英汉商务合同的互译，先了解一些英文商务合同在用词和句式上的特点非常有必要。vSec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回SECTION3vI.英文商务合同的用词特点：v1.古体词的使用(archaism)在英文合同中以下古体词出现的频率非常高，而能否在英译汉语合同时恰当地使用这些古体词是合同翻译的一个难点。有对比研究表明一般英文合同译本中出现这些古体词的频率比母语人士用英语撰写的合同的使用频率低。vSec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回SECTION3Sec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回Here+Prepositionthere+Prepositionwhere+Prepositionhereafter=afterthistime此后thereby=bythatmeans因此whereas=consideringthat;but鉴于herein=inthis于此处，其中therein=inthat在那里，在那点上，在那方面whereby=bywhat;bywhich凭/据hereinbefore=inaprecedingpartofthiscontract此前thereinafter=laterinthesamecontract以下,在下文wherein=inwhat;inwhich在那方面Hereof=ofhere关于此点Thereafter=afterwards 此后,其后Whereof=ofwhat;ofwhich关于那个/关于它Therefrom=from that 由此而，从那里，从此SECTION3Sec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回Herewith=with this 与此，同此Thereon=onthat关于那，在其中Hereby=bymeansof特此，由此，兹Thereof=of that 其，它的Hereinafter=laterinthiscontract以下，在下文Thereto=tothat随附Hereto=tothis本文件的Thereupon=then因此，于是Hereunder=under this 在以下Thereunder=underthat在其下，以下Therewith=withthatorit以此，此外SECTION3v2.不论是中文合同还是英文合同用词都正式简洁，即使能用常用词汇表达的意思也常用正式的平常不经常用的单词来表达，前面所说的古体词当然也是很正式的用词。下表有一些例子：Sec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回SECTION3Sec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回InformalWordsFormalWordschangemodifyendterminateproducemanufacturebegincommencedutyobligationbeforepriortoaboutwithregardtosoonInthenearfuturearoundapproximatelyconsiderdeemaccordingtoinaccordancewithbecauseofbyvirtueofcompensationindemnitiesrenttenancyv具有法律效力的商务合同用词都很正式、规范，避免口具有法律效力的商务合同用词都很正式、规范，避免口语化。如：语化。如：vTheLicenseewillnotifytheLicensorandshallassisttheLicensor in taking such action as the Licensor deemsappropriate。v显显然然,该该句句中中的的notify、assist、deem比比同同义义词词inform、help、think更更为为正正式式。如如果果句句中中接接连连出出现现这这类类词词语语，其其风格自然显得郑重、严肃具有浓厚的正式文体色彩。风格自然显得郑重、严肃具有浓厚的正式文体色彩。v再再比比如如：Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhich this Agreement is duly executed by the partieshereto。v该句中的该句中的execute较较sign正式。正式。SECTION3vE.g.TheAppendixheretoshall,throughthecontractperiod,bedeemedtobeanintegralpartofthisContract.v本句中，用了古体词“hereto”和正式用语“deem”而非“consider”。vvv3.3.情态动词的使用情态动词的使用情态动词的使用情态动词的使用vv1)Shall1)Shall的用法的用法v商务合同中“shall”的用法与其平常作为情态动词的用法差异很大，它是一个极为严谨的单词，而不是随意的建议别人去做什么。合同是受法律约束的文书，shall的使用严格的确定了责任与义务的范围。兰登书屋法律词典对shall的法律释义包括以下三项：在特指法规或司法解释中表示命令、必要性和强制性(expressingmandate,necessityorcompulsion,especiallyinstatutoryorjudicialdirectives)。表示决心、肯定、强调(expressingdetermination,certaintyandemphasis)。vSec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec6返回返回SECTION3u表示计划、意愿与预期(expressingfuturity,especiallyplan,intentionorexpectation)。在shall用做规定双方义务、责任条款时，应做第一个解释，即表示命令、必要性和强制性，翻译时处理为“应当”、“必须”，不能翻译成“将要，即将”。vE.g.TheSellershallnotbeheldliableforthedelayinshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsundertheContractinconsequenceofForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.v本合同中由于在制造和装运过程可能出现的不可抗力而导致的推迟运货或未交付，卖方概不负责。Sec5Sec4Sec2Sec1返回返回Sec76返回返回SECTION3vE.g.The Seller shall inform the buyer promptly of the occurrencementionedaboveandwithinfourteendaysthereafter,theSellershallsendbyairmailtothebuyerfortheiracceptanceacertificateoftheaccidentissuedbytheCompetent Government Authorities wheretheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.v卖方应应当当立即就上述事故通知买方，并且在此后14天内，通过空邮向买方投寄由事故发生地地方当局开具的事故证明作为证据。